Cálcio, citocinina, déficit hídrico e sombreamento na fixação de estruturas reprodutivas de soja
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Data
2013-08-02
Autores
Fioreze, Samuel Luiz [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A eficiência na fixação de estruturas reprodutivas apresenta efeitos diretos sobre a expressão do potencial produtivo da cultura da soja, podendo ser afetada por fatores endógenos de caráter anatômico, nutricional ou fisiológico; ou exógenos relacionados ao ambiente de cultivo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos (i) caracterizar o tecido vascular e o momento da fecundação de flores em genótipos de soja; estudar os efeitos da aplicação isolada ou combinada de cálcio e citocinina durante os estádios iniciais do desenvolvimento reprodutivo de plantas no comportamento produtivo da cultura da soja e (iii) verificar a existência de interações, em nível fisiológico e produtivo, entre a aplicação de cálcio e citocinina, com a ocorrência de estresse por deficiência hídrica e de luminosidade. Foram conduzidos três experimentos no período entre 2010 e 2012, nas dependências da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP), Campus de Botucatu (SP). O primeiro experimento foi implantado em 2 cultivo protegido, onde o tecido vascular e o momento da polinização e da fecundação de flores em oito genótipos de soja foram estudados, desde a fase de botão floral até a fase de flor senescente, em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. O segundo experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 com testemunha, repetido duas vezes a campo. Os fatores foram formados pela aplicação de cálcio (Ca), citocinina (CK) e Ca + CK, realizada nos estádios fenológicos Vn, R1 e R2 do desenvolvimento da cultura, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados o índice SPAD e as trocas gasosas das plantas no período de zero aos 12 dias após a aplicação em cada estádio. Ao final do ciclo da cultura foram determinados os componentes da produção nos estratos inferior, médio e superior do dossel das planta...
The efficiency of the reproductive units fixation has direct effects on the soybean yield potential. It can be affected by endogenous factors such as anatomical, physiological, and nutritional, or exogenous related to the growth environment. The objectives of this work was (i) to study the vascular development and the fecundation time of flowers in soybean genotypes; (ii) to study the effects of isolated calcium application or combined application of calcium and cytokinin during the initial stages of reproductive development of the plants in the productive response of soybean; and (iii) to verify the physiological and productive interactions between calcium and cytokinin applications under drought and light stresses. Three experiments were carried out from 2010 to 2012, at the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The first experiment was grown in a greenhouse. The vascular tissue and the pollination and fertilization time of the flowers from eight soybean genotypes were studied from flower bud stage to bloom senescent stage. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with four replications. The experimental design of the second experiment was a randomized block design in a 3x3+1 factorial with four replications, replicated twice under field conditions. The treatments consisted of isolated calcium (Ca) application, isolated cytokinin (CK) application, and combined application of Ca and CK, applied at the Vn, R1 e R2 stages of the crop development. SPAD index and gas exchange were determined in the period between zero and 12 day after application, in each stage. At the maturity, yield and yield components were determined in the three canopy extract of the plants. The third experiment was grown in a greenhouse and the experimental design was a split-plot design with four replications. The plots were consisted of different conditions during R2 ...
The efficiency of the reproductive units fixation has direct effects on the soybean yield potential. It can be affected by endogenous factors such as anatomical, physiological, and nutritional, or exogenous related to the growth environment. The objectives of this work was (i) to study the vascular development and the fecundation time of flowers in soybean genotypes; (ii) to study the effects of isolated calcium application or combined application of calcium and cytokinin during the initial stages of reproductive development of the plants in the productive response of soybean; and (iii) to verify the physiological and productive interactions between calcium and cytokinin applications under drought and light stresses. Three experiments were carried out from 2010 to 2012, at the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The first experiment was grown in a greenhouse. The vascular tissue and the pollination and fertilization time of the flowers from eight soybean genotypes were studied from flower bud stage to bloom senescent stage. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with four replications. The experimental design of the second experiment was a randomized block design in a 3x3+1 factorial with four replications, replicated twice under field conditions. The treatments consisted of isolated calcium (Ca) application, isolated cytokinin (CK) application, and combined application of Ca and CK, applied at the Vn, R1 e R2 stages of the crop development. SPAD index and gas exchange were determined in the period between zero and 12 day after application, in each stage. At the maturity, yield and yield components were determined in the three canopy extract of the plants. The third experiment was grown in a greenhouse and the experimental design was a split-plot design with four replications. The plots were consisted of different conditions during R2 ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plantas - Reprodução, Soja - Cultivo, Calcio - Efeito fisiologico, Hormonios vegetais, Fotossintese, Irrigação com déficit hídrico, Deficit irrigation
Como citar
FIOREZE, Samuel Luiz. Cálcio, citocinina, déficit hídrico e sombreamento na fixação de estruturas reprodutivas de soja. 2013. xi, 131 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2013.