Granulometria e doses de calcário na cultura do milho e em atributos químicos do solo, em sistemas convencional e direto
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Data
2003
Autores
Gonçalves, José Ricardo Pupo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O trabalho objetivou avaliar as alterações nas propriedades químicas do solo, no desenvolvimento e produção do milho (Zea mays L.) sob cultivo convencional e semeadura direta em função da aplicação de calcário dolomítico com diferentes granulometrias e doses. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Botucatu, no período de 1999 a 2002, em um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com parcelas subsubdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por dois sistemas de cultivo: convencional (CC) e semeadura direta (SD); as subparcelas foram estabelecidas pela aplicação de calcário dolomítico com duas granulometrias: fino, com PRNT de 95%, e grosso, com PRNT de 56%; as subsubparcelas foram estabelecidas pela aplicação de três doses de calcário definidas em função da dose para elevar a saturação de bases a 70%: dose recomendada (DR), 1/3 de DR e 2/3 de DR. Os resultados evidenciaram alterações nas propriedades químicas do solo, com aumento de pH, Ca e Mg trocáveis, soma de bases, CTC, V% e redução da acidez potencial, no SD, até 10cm de profundidade, com diferenças significativas em relação ao CC até 36 meses após a aplicação do calcário. Nas maiores profundidades, 10-20 e 20-40 cm, houve uma inversão, e os efeitos na neutralização da acidez do solo foram mais pronunciados no CC que no SD. O calcário com PRNT de 95% proporcionou melhor neutralização da acidez do solo em relação ao calcário com PRNT de 56%, até 10 cm de profundidade. Na camada 20 a 40cm, os níveis de matéria orgânica foram mais elevados no CC que no SD, 12 meses após aplicação do calcário. Neste mesmo período, o calcário fino apresentou melhor efeito que o calcário grosso sobre o teor de matéria orgânica na camada 5 a 10cm...
This experiment was carried out on a Red Distroferric Latossol (Oxisol) at Botucatu, SP, Brazil, from 1999 to 2002, with the aim to evaluate the changes in the soil chemical characteristics, development and yield of corn under notillage and conventional tillage system as a function of granulometric fraction and rates of dolomite lime. A randomized block design was used, with four replications, in the split- split - plot design. In the main plots, two tillage systems were applied: no- tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT); subplots were constituted by two granulometric fractions of lime: fine, with PRNT (Relative Power of Total Neutralization)=56%, and thick, with PRNT=95%; subsubplots were defined as function of amount calculated to increase the soil base saturation (V%) to 70%: CA(calculated amount); 1/3 CA; 2/3 CA. The results have shown changes in the soil chemical properties, with increases of pH, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, sum of bases, base saturation, CEC (cations exchange capacity) and reduction of potential acidity (H + Al), in NT, at 10 cm layer, with significative differences in relation to CT, 36 months after applied the lime. In the deeper layers (10-20cm and 20- 40cm), there was an inversion, and the effects observed in the neutralization of soil acidity were more pronounced in CT than NT. The lime with PRNT=95% provided better neutralization of soil acidity than lime with PRNT=56%, at the 10 cm layer. There was increase in the soil organic matter rates, in the 0- 5 cm layer, in both tillage systems, verified 12 months after applied the lime, followed by decrease at 24 and 36 months. In the 20- 40 cm layer, soil organic matter rates were higher in the CT than NT, 12 months after applied the lime. In this same period, the lime with PRNT=95% showed better effect than lime with PRNT=56% on the soil organic matter, in the 5-10 cm layer... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
This experiment was carried out on a Red Distroferric Latossol (Oxisol) at Botucatu, SP, Brazil, from 1999 to 2002, with the aim to evaluate the changes in the soil chemical characteristics, development and yield of corn under notillage and conventional tillage system as a function of granulometric fraction and rates of dolomite lime. A randomized block design was used, with four replications, in the split- split - plot design. In the main plots, two tillage systems were applied: no- tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT); subplots were constituted by two granulometric fractions of lime: fine, with PRNT (Relative Power of Total Neutralization)=56%, and thick, with PRNT=95%; subsubplots were defined as function of amount calculated to increase the soil base saturation (V%) to 70%: CA(calculated amount); 1/3 CA; 2/3 CA. The results have shown changes in the soil chemical properties, with increases of pH, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, sum of bases, base saturation, CEC (cations exchange capacity) and reduction of potential acidity (H + Al), in NT, at 10 cm layer, with significative differences in relation to CT, 36 months after applied the lime. In the deeper layers (10-20cm and 20- 40cm), there was an inversion, and the effects observed in the neutralization of soil acidity were more pronounced in CT than NT. The lime with PRNT=95% provided better neutralization of soil acidity than lime with PRNT=56%, at the 10 cm layer. There was increase in the soil organic matter rates, in the 0- 5 cm layer, in both tillage systems, verified 12 months after applied the lime, followed by decrease at 24 and 36 months. In the 20- 40 cm layer, soil organic matter rates were higher in the CT than NT, 12 months after applied the lime. In this same period, the lime with PRNT=95% showed better effect than lime with PRNT=56% on the soil organic matter, in the 5-10 cm layer... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Calagem dos solos, Plantio direto, Milho - Cultivo
Como citar
GONÇALVES, José Ricardo Pupo. Granulometria e doses de calcário na cultura do milho e em atributos químicos do solo, em sistemas convencional e direto. 2003. xvi, 127 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2003.