Banco de sementes de plantas daninhas e sua correlação com a flora estabelecida no agroecossistema cana-crua
Carregando...
Data
2008-01-01
Autores
Kuva, M. A.
Pitelli, R. A. [UNESP]
Alves, P. L. C. A. [UNESP]
Salgado, T. P.
Pavani, M. C. D. M. [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas
Resumo
O conhecimento da composição específica do banco de sementes de plantas daninhas e a sua correlação com a flora estabelecida são importantes para nortear o manejo a ser adotado e a escolha dos herbicidas. A colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar acarretou mudanças significativas na composição da flora infestante, quando proporcionou a manutenção de uma camada de palha, reduziu a movimentação do solo e dispensou a prática da queimada. Foram realizados levantamentos do banco de sementes e da flora de plantas daninhas que se estabeleceu em 28 talhões colhidos mecanicamente, sem queima prévia da palha. Com base nos dados de banco de sementes, efetuaram-se estudos fitossociológicos e de correlação entre a composição do banco de sementes e a flora emergida. As principais espécies presentes no banco de sementes foram as pertencentes à classe das dicotiledôneas anuais, com destaque para Amaranthus spp. e diversas espécies de Euphorbiaceae e Convolvulaceae. As sementes de gramíneas tradicionais da cultura tiveram pouca participação. O banco de sementes apresentou correlação não-significativa com a flora emergente, independentemente da época de colheita do talhão, da metodologia de quantificação do banco de sementes e das espécies de plantas daninhas.
To set suitable weed management programs, one the most important parameters is knowing the specific composition of the seedbank and its correlation with the established flora. Such information is fundamental to guide the control strategy to be adopted and the herbicide choices. Mechanical harvest of no-burn sugar-cane maintaining a layer of straw on the soil surface promoted important changes in weed seed germination and seedling survival. Lack of soil mobilization and the lack of sugarcane burning are two additional factors influencing weed flora composition and population densities. Field sampling was conducted in twenty-eight no-burn sugarcane areas to evaluate (i) seedbank composition and seed population densities and later (ii) weed community composition and population density. A predominance of broad-leaf weeds was foud in the seed bank mainly Amaranthus spp., as well as species of the families Euphorbiaceae and Convulvulaceae. The traditional gramineous seeds were not profuse in the seedbanks of the studied areas. The correlation between the seedbank and the weed community compositions was small, regardless of the harvesting time, seedbank quantification methodology and weed species.
To set suitable weed management programs, one the most important parameters is knowing the specific composition of the seedbank and its correlation with the established flora. Such information is fundamental to guide the control strategy to be adopted and the herbicide choices. Mechanical harvest of no-burn sugar-cane maintaining a layer of straw on the soil surface promoted important changes in weed seed germination and seedling survival. Lack of soil mobilization and the lack of sugarcane burning are two additional factors influencing weed flora composition and population densities. Field sampling was conducted in twenty-eight no-burn sugarcane areas to evaluate (i) seedbank composition and seed population densities and later (ii) weed community composition and population density. A predominance of broad-leaf weeds was foud in the seed bank mainly Amaranthus spp., as well as species of the families Euphorbiaceae and Convulvulaceae. The traditional gramineous seeds were not profuse in the seedbanks of the studied areas. The correlation between the seedbank and the weed community compositions was small, regardless of the harvesting time, seedbank quantification methodology and weed species.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
mulching, Phytosociology, Saccharum officinarum, Spearman Rank correlation, similarity coefficient, Cobertura morta, Fitossociologia, Saccharum officinarum, correlação de Spearman Rank, coeficiente de similaridade
Como citar
Planta Daninha. Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas , v. 26, n. 4, p. 735-744, 2008.