Estudos anatômicos de Cyperaceae (Poales) com ênfase na anatomia Kranz
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2012-06-11
Autores
Martins, Shirley [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Foram realizados estudos anatômicos e ultraestruturais de espécies com anatomia Kranz e não Kranz, de Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae) buscando ampliar o conhecimento anatômico do grupo, uniformizar a terminologia empregada para as bainhas dos feixes vasculares, levantar homologias úteis para a taxonomia e filogenia e hipóteses sobre a origem da anatomia Kranz na família. Para tanto foram utilizadas técnicas anatômicas usuais para estudos estruturais e ultraestruturais em espécies de Cyperaceae. Através do desenvolvimento de espécies Kranz e não Kranz verifica-se a continuidade dos tecidos (endoderme e periciclo) em todos os órgãos vegetativos e a uniformização dos termos empregados para as bainhas dos feixes vasculares de folhas e escapos. Estudos ontogenéticos de espécies de Cyperaceae confirmam a ocorrência de epiderme multiestratificada nas folhas, ao invés de hipoderme, e caracterizam os quatro tipos de anatomia Kranz na família: clorociperoide, eleocaroide, fimbristiloide, rincosporoide. A análise ultraestrutural da bainha dos feixes vasculares mostra a ocorrência de padrões na estrutura dos cloroplastos para os tipos eleocaroide e rincosporoide e também para Cyperus e Pycreus no tipo clorociperoide. Foi verificada variação na ocorrência e no tipo de anatomia Kranz em Eleocharis minima, espécie aquática (anfíbia), nas diferentes regiões do escapo emerso e submerso do mesmo indivíduo, destacando a plasticidade desse caráter nas espécies aquáticas e sua uniformidade nas espécies terrestres. Com dados desses estudos, juntamente com os demais dados disponíveis na literatura, são apresentadas hipóteses sobre a origem da anatomia Kranz em Cyperaceae
Anatomical and ultrastructural studies in Kranz and non-Kranz species of Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae) were performed searching to amply the anatomical knowledge of the group; standardize the terminology applied to the vascular bundle sheaths, to bring up homologies useful to taxonomy and phylogeny and hypotheses about the origin of the Kranz anatomy in the family. Anatomical techniques were performed to structural and ultrastructural studies of Cyperaceae species. Through the development of the Kranz and non-Kranz species it was verified the tissues continuity (endodermis and pericycle) in all vegetative organs and the standardization of the terms employed to the vascular bundle sheaths of leaves and scapes. Ontogenetical studies of the Cyperaceae species confirmed the occurrence of multiple epidermis in leaves, instead of hypoderm, and characterized the four Kranz anatomical types: chlorocyperoid, eleocharoid, fimbristyloid, rhynchosporoid. The ultrastructural analyses of the vascular bundle sheaths showed the occurrence of pattern in the chloroplast’s structure to the eleocharoid and rhynchosporoid types and also to Cyperus and Pycreus species in the chlorocyperoid type. Variations in the occurrence and in the type of Kranz anatomy was verified in Eleocharis minima, aquatic species (amphibious), in different regions of emerged and submerged scapes of the same individual, detaching the plasticity of this character in aquatic species and its uniformity in terrestrial species. With data obtained in these studies, along with other available data in the literature, hypotheses about Kranz anatomy origin in the family were presented
Anatomical and ultrastructural studies in Kranz and non-Kranz species of Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae) were performed searching to amply the anatomical knowledge of the group; standardize the terminology applied to the vascular bundle sheaths, to bring up homologies useful to taxonomy and phylogeny and hypotheses about the origin of the Kranz anatomy in the family. Anatomical techniques were performed to structural and ultrastructural studies of Cyperaceae species. Through the development of the Kranz and non-Kranz species it was verified the tissues continuity (endodermis and pericycle) in all vegetative organs and the standardization of the terms employed to the vascular bundle sheaths of leaves and scapes. Ontogenetical studies of the Cyperaceae species confirmed the occurrence of multiple epidermis in leaves, instead of hypoderm, and characterized the four Kranz anatomical types: chlorocyperoid, eleocharoid, fimbristyloid, rhynchosporoid. The ultrastructural analyses of the vascular bundle sheaths showed the occurrence of pattern in the chloroplast’s structure to the eleocharoid and rhynchosporoid types and also to Cyperus and Pycreus species in the chlorocyperoid type. Variations in the occurrence and in the type of Kranz anatomy was verified in Eleocharis minima, aquatic species (amphibious), in different regions of emerged and submerged scapes of the same individual, detaching the plasticity of this character in aquatic species and its uniformity in terrestrial species. With data obtained in these studies, along with other available data in the literature, hypotheses about Kranz anatomy origin in the family were presented
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Palavras-chave
Anatomia vegetal, Plantas - Ontogenia, Ultraestrutura (Biologia)
Como citar
MARTINS, Shirley. Estudos anatômicos de Cyperaceae (Poales) com ênfase na anatomia Kranz. 2012. 129 p. Tese - (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2012.