Anatomia e desenvolvimento pós-seminal de espécies de Bromeliaceae (Poales) da Amazônia - MT
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2010-01-28
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Silva, Ivone Vieira da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Raízes, folhas, escapos e sementes de Aechmea bromeliifolia, A. castelnavii, A. mertensii (Bromelioideae); Dyckia duckei, D. paraensis, D. racemosa (Pitcairnioideae); Tillandsia adpressiflora, T. didistachae e T. paraensis (Tillandsioideae) foram coletados na região amazônica (MT), visando a caracterização anatômica e a morfologia do desenvolvimento pós-seminal, procurando levantar estruturas úteis para a taxonomia e que representem adaptações. As espécies são epífitas e as raízes apresentam velame pluriestratificado, córtex diferenciado, endoderme e periciclo unisseriados, cilindro vascular poliarco e medula com células de paredes espessadas. As folhas apresentam células epidérmicas com lume reduzido, paredes espessadas e cutícula fina; mesofilo com hipoderme, parênquima aqüífero, parênquima clorofiliano braciforme, idioblastos contendo ráfides e drusas e feixes vasculares colaterais com bainha dupla. Os escapos apresentam epiderme, córtex e cilindro vascular distintos, com canais de mucilagem no córtex, endoderme contínua e feixes vasculares colaterais simples e compostos. As sementes não apresentam dormência e sua porcentagem de germinação é alta, facilitando a produção de mudas. Como estruturas que diferenciam os gêneros, as Aechmea (Bromelioideae) apresentam sementes elípticas, envolvidas por mucilagem; folhas com estômatos situados abaixo ou no mesmo nível das demais células epidérmicas, mesofilo com fibras extravasculares, células braciformes estreladas; e escapos com periciclo descontínuo. As Dyckia (Pitcairnioideae) apresentam sementes achatadas, com alas membranáceas e folhas com células braciformes isodiamétricas e as Tillandsia (Tillandsioideae) apresentam sementes fusiformes, com apêndices plumosos; ausência de raiz primária na germinação; folha com distribuição aleatória de escamas e células braciformes alongadas...
Roots, leaves, scapes and seeds of Aechmea bromeliifolia, Aechmea castelnavii, Aechmea mertensii (Bromelioideae); Dyckia duckei, Dyckia paraensis, Dyckia racemosa (Pitcairnioideae); Tillandsia adpressiflora, Tillandsia didistachae and Tillandsia paraensis (Tillandsioideae) were collected in the Amazon region (MT), in order to describe their anatomical characterization and the morphology of their post-seminal development and to point out structures that are useful for the taxonomy and adaptations. These species are epiphytes and their roots present a multi-layered velamen, differentiated cortex, uniseriate endodermis and pericycle, polyarch vascular cylinder and medulla with thickened cell walls. Leaves present epidermal cells with reduced lumen, thickened walls and a thin cuticle; mesophyll with hypoderm, aquiferous parenchyma, lobed chlorophyllian parenchyma, idioblasts containing raphids and druses and double-sheathed collateral vascular bundles. Scapes have distinct epidermis, cortex and vascular cylinder, with mucilage canals in the cortex, continuous endodermis and both simple and compound collateral vascular bundles. Seeds have no dormancy and the percentage of germination is high, facilitating the production of seedlings. Among the structures that differentiate genera, Aechmea (Bromelioideae) present elliptic seeds involved in mucilage; leaves with stomata located below or on the same level as the other epidermal cells, mesophyll with extravascular fibers, star-shaped lobed cells; and scapes with discontinuous pericycle; Dyckia (Pitcairnioideae) present flat seeds with membranaceous wings and leaves with isodiametrical lobed cells; Tillandsia (Tillandsioideae) have fusiform seeds, with feathery appendages; absence of primary roots during germination; leaves with randomly distributed scales and elongated lobed cells. All these species present structures adapted to the epiphytic habit... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Roots, leaves, scapes and seeds of Aechmea bromeliifolia, Aechmea castelnavii, Aechmea mertensii (Bromelioideae); Dyckia duckei, Dyckia paraensis, Dyckia racemosa (Pitcairnioideae); Tillandsia adpressiflora, Tillandsia didistachae and Tillandsia paraensis (Tillandsioideae) were collected in the Amazon region (MT), in order to describe their anatomical characterization and the morphology of their post-seminal development and to point out structures that are useful for the taxonomy and adaptations. These species are epiphytes and their roots present a multi-layered velamen, differentiated cortex, uniseriate endodermis and pericycle, polyarch vascular cylinder and medulla with thickened cell walls. Leaves present epidermal cells with reduced lumen, thickened walls and a thin cuticle; mesophyll with hypoderm, aquiferous parenchyma, lobed chlorophyllian parenchyma, idioblasts containing raphids and druses and double-sheathed collateral vascular bundles. Scapes have distinct epidermis, cortex and vascular cylinder, with mucilage canals in the cortex, continuous endodermis and both simple and compound collateral vascular bundles. Seeds have no dormancy and the percentage of germination is high, facilitating the production of seedlings. Among the structures that differentiate genera, Aechmea (Bromelioideae) present elliptic seeds involved in mucilage; leaves with stomata located below or on the same level as the other epidermal cells, mesophyll with extravascular fibers, star-shaped lobed cells; and scapes with discontinuous pericycle; Dyckia (Pitcairnioideae) present flat seeds with membranaceous wings and leaves with isodiametrical lobed cells; Tillandsia (Tillandsioideae) have fusiform seeds, with feathery appendages; absence of primary roots during germination; leaves with randomly distributed scales and elongated lobed cells. All these species present structures adapted to the epiphytic habit... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Anatomia vegetal, Parque Estadual Cristalino (MT), Amazônia, Mato Grosso, Tillandsia, Epifitismo, Amazon, Cristalino State Park
Como citar
SILVA, Ivone Vieira da. Anatomia e desenvolvimento pós-seminal de espécies de Bromeliaceae (Poales) da Amazônia - MT. 2010. 94 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2010.