Produtividade e eficiência biológica de Agaricus blazei (Murril) Heinnemann, em diferentes condições de cultivo
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Data
2006-06-05
Autores
Kopytowski Filho, João [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A. blazei tem sido comercializado como um produto natural, sem aplicação de agrotóxicos e livre de resíduos tóxicos. De outro modo, elevados teores de elementos metálicos com potencial tóxico tem sido detectados em basidiomas. Outrossim, além da possibilidade de causarem danos á saúde, acarretam grandes prejuízos na comercialização. Avaliou-se o efeito de três tipos de compostos (orgânico, e semi-sintético and sintético) sobre a produtividade e teores de elementos metálicos em basidiomas de A. blazei. O Experimento 1 conduzido em câmara climatizada, constou de seis tratamentos (15 repetições), dispostos inteiramento ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x2, (três tipos de composto e duas linhagens de A. blazei). Avaliou-se a produtividade, a eficiência biológica, o massa média de basidiomas, os teores de Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb e Ni nos compostos e basidiomas e, o fator de acumulação no píleo e no estípete, em dois fluxos de colheita. Durante o processo de compostagem e de colonização, determinou-se o massa fresca e seca, teor de carbono, nitrogênio, pH densidade e umidade dos compostos. Constatou-se que os teores de elementos metálicos nos basidiomas não são proporcionais aos teores dos mesmos nos compostos cultivados, ocorre uma maior concentração destes no píleo em relação ao estípete e há variação em função do fluxo de colheita, a densidade e a umidade dos compostos ao final das Fases II e III, foram maiores nos compostos sintético e semi-sintético e as maiores produtividades de 7,24 e 7,09% para as linhagens ABL 99/30 e ABL 04/49, respectivamente, foram alcançadas quando cultivadas no composto orgânico certificado. Para o Experimento 2, 2 foram avaliados a produtividade e a massa média de basidiomas da linhagem...
A. blazei has been commercialized as a natural product, without use of pesticides and free from toxic waste. However, high contents of potencially toxic metallic elements in the basidiomata have usually been detected. Besides the health hazzard, they may cause great loss for comercialization. The effect of three different types of compost was evaluated (organic, semi-synthetic and synthetic) on the productivity and metallic elements contents in basidiomatas of A. blazei. The Experiment 1 was carried out in a climatized room, with six treatments (15 repetitions), arranged in a factorial scheme 3x2, (three differents types of compost and two strains of A. blazei). Productivity, biological efficiency, mean weight of basidiomatas, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb and Ni contents in the compost and basidiomata and the accumulation factor in the pilei and stalk, in two flushes were evaluated. During composting and colonization, fresh and dry weight, carbon and nitrogen contents, pH ,density and moisture of the compost were evaluated. No direct relationship between the metallic elements contents in the mushroom and in the compost was found. The concentration of metallic elements was greater in the pileus then in the stalk, varying during the flushes. Density and moisture of the compost Phase II and III, were greater in the synthetic and semi-synthetic composts. The greatest productivities, 7.24 and 7.09% for the strains ABL 99/30 and ABL 04/49, respectively, were reached when cultivated in organic compost. For the Experiment 2, productivity and medium weight of the basidiomatas of the strain ABL 04/44, cultivated in synthetic compost added or not with two diffrents types of supplement (soybean meal and Champ food®), in two cultivation phases (at spawning and before casing) were evaluated. There was a tendency for greater productivity on the supplemented compost ... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
A. blazei has been commercialized as a natural product, without use of pesticides and free from toxic waste. However, high contents of potencially toxic metallic elements in the basidiomata have usually been detected. Besides the health hazzard, they may cause great loss for comercialization. The effect of three different types of compost was evaluated (organic, semi-synthetic and synthetic) on the productivity and metallic elements contents in basidiomatas of A. blazei. The Experiment 1 was carried out in a climatized room, with six treatments (15 repetitions), arranged in a factorial scheme 3x2, (three differents types of compost and two strains of A. blazei). Productivity, biological efficiency, mean weight of basidiomatas, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb and Ni contents in the compost and basidiomata and the accumulation factor in the pilei and stalk, in two flushes were evaluated. During composting and colonization, fresh and dry weight, carbon and nitrogen contents, pH ,density and moisture of the compost were evaluated. No direct relationship between the metallic elements contents in the mushroom and in the compost was found. The concentration of metallic elements was greater in the pileus then in the stalk, varying during the flushes. Density and moisture of the compost Phase II and III, were greater in the synthetic and semi-synthetic composts. The greatest productivities, 7.24 and 7.09% for the strains ABL 99/30 and ABL 04/49, respectively, were reached when cultivated in organic compost. For the Experiment 2, productivity and medium weight of the basidiomatas of the strain ABL 04/44, cultivated in synthetic compost added or not with two diffrents types of supplement (soybean meal and Champ food®), in two cultivation phases (at spawning and before casing) were evaluated. There was a tendency for greater productivity on the supplemented compost ... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cogumelos medicinais, Cogumelos - Cultivo, Ions metalicos, Microbiologia, Residuos agricolas, Agaricus blazei, Mushroom, Metallic elements, Organic production
Como citar
KOPYTOWSKI FILHO, João. Produtividade e eficiência biológica de Agaricus blazei (Murril) Heinnemann, em diferentes condições de cultivo. 2006. xvi, 134 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2006.