Inspeção periódica de pulverizadores: análise dos erros de calibração e impacto econômico
Carregando...
Data
2009-08-14
Autores
Siqueira, José Luiz de [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar os erros dos métodos usuais de calibração dos pulverizadores e quantificar o impacto econômico de problemas detectados na inspeção periódica de pulverizadores nas principais regiões produtoras de grãos no Brasil. A base do trabalho envolveu uma coleta de dados nos moldes do projeto IPP (Inspeção Periódica de Pulverizadores), englobando estudos dos equipamentos de pulverização de propriedades rurais nos Estados do Paraná (PR), Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) e Mato Grosso (MT). De posse da base de dados foram desenvolvidos modelos de simulação para avaliação dos métodos de calibração, estimativa de erros e dos prejuízos causados pelos mesmos. Os resultados mostraram que todas as máquinas apresentaram falhas de manutenção e calibração, com destaques para problemas no estado e conservação das pontas de pulverização. No MT 82,4% das pontas de pulverização encontravam-se inadequadas para o uso, seguido de PR com 72,5%, MS com 62,5% e RS 59,3%. Os erros na taxa de aplicação foram significativos, com valores de 70,6% para o PR, 60,2% para o RS, 37,5% para o MS e 61,8% para o MT. No que se refere ao método de calibração, o módulo dos erros médios de leitura do copo calibrador variaram de 1,8% (RS) a 2,7% (PR), enquanto o módulo dos erros médios de calibração do sensor de fluxo dos computadores variou de 5,3% (RS) a 8,8% (MT). A maior freqüência de prejuízos devido a erros de calibração da taxa de aplicação ficou na faixa de R$ 4.000,00 por ano por pulverizador. Entretanto, os fatores ligados a calibração geraram perdas maiores que R$ 10.000,00 por pulverizador por ano em alguns casos. Os problemas de manutenção também causam prejuízos, com grande freqüência de valores até R$ 4.000,00 por ano por pulverizador. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nas coletas de dados e nas simulações...
The aim of this study was to analyze errors on the sprayer calibration process and to quantify the economic impact of problems detected on periodic inspection of crop sprayers on the main soybean production regions in Brazil. This work was based on the IPP Project (Periodic Inspection of Sprayers) with focus on sprayers used on the States of Paraná (PR), Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) e Mato Grosso (MT). After the data collection process, some models were developed in order to analyze the calibration methods and the economic losses related to it. The results showed that all the sprayers presented failures, with emphasis on nozzle problems (82.4% on MT, 72.5% on PR, 62.5% on MS and 59.3% on RS). The frequency of errors on spray volume calibration were 70.6% on PR, 60.2% on RS, 37.5% on MS and 61,8% on MT. On the calibration process, the absolute mean errors on using the measuring cylinder range were 1.8% (RS) to 2.7% (PR), while the absolute mean errors for the calibration of the flow sensor range were 5.3% (RS) to 8,8% (MT). The higher frequency of economic losses related to the calibration process was within R$ 4,000.00 per year per sprayer. However, this value was found higher that R$ 10,000.00 per year per sprayer in some cases. Problems related to maintenance caused losses frequently up to R$ 4,000.00 per year per sprayer. Based on the data collected and the simulation using the models it was concluded that the calibration process based on the measuring cylinder present errors both related to the visual use of it the and the variability of nozzle flow along the boom. The calibration of the sprayers with electronic control showed errors above to those found on the measuring cylinder calibration process and this may be due to a chain of errors that should be further studied. As a general view the calibration process based on the measuring cylinder shower errors that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The aim of this study was to analyze errors on the sprayer calibration process and to quantify the economic impact of problems detected on periodic inspection of crop sprayers on the main soybean production regions in Brazil. This work was based on the IPP Project (Periodic Inspection of Sprayers) with focus on sprayers used on the States of Paraná (PR), Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) e Mato Grosso (MT). After the data collection process, some models were developed in order to analyze the calibration methods and the economic losses related to it. The results showed that all the sprayers presented failures, with emphasis on nozzle problems (82.4% on MT, 72.5% on PR, 62.5% on MS and 59.3% on RS). The frequency of errors on spray volume calibration were 70.6% on PR, 60.2% on RS, 37.5% on MS and 61,8% on MT. On the calibration process, the absolute mean errors on using the measuring cylinder range were 1.8% (RS) to 2.7% (PR), while the absolute mean errors for the calibration of the flow sensor range were 5.3% (RS) to 8,8% (MT). The higher frequency of economic losses related to the calibration process was within R$ 4,000.00 per year per sprayer. However, this value was found higher that R$ 10,000.00 per year per sprayer in some cases. Problems related to maintenance caused losses frequently up to R$ 4,000.00 per year per sprayer. Based on the data collected and the simulation using the models it was concluded that the calibration process based on the measuring cylinder present errors both related to the visual use of it the and the variability of nozzle flow along the boom. The calibration of the sprayers with electronic control showed errors above to those found on the measuring cylinder calibration process and this may be due to a chain of errors that should be further studied. As a general view the calibration process based on the measuring cylinder shower errors that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pulverização, Inspeção periódicas, Erros de calibração, Copo calibrador, Periodic inspection of crop sprayers, Calibration, Glass calibrator, Economic losses
Como citar
SIQUEIRA, José Luiz de. Inspeção periódica de pulverizadores: análise dos erros de calibração e impacto econômico. 2009. xiii, 117 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2009.