Avaliação de tratamento de manipueira em biodigestores fase acidogênica e metanogênica
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Data
2000-06-02
Autores
Barana, Ana Cláudia [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Um grande problema enfrentado pelas indústrias produtoras de farinha de mandioca é o destino da manipueira, resíduo líquido gerado na proporção de 300L/ton de raiz processada. Poluente devido à alta carga orgânica e tóxico pela presença do glicosídeo cianogênico Linamarina, potencialmente hidrolisável a cianeto. Sem solução a baixo custo, as empresas descartam o efluente em rios e terrenos próximos. Com a promulgação da Lei Federal nº9433, sancionada em 8 de janeiro de 1997, que instituiu sobre a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, maior atenção deve ser dada aos resíduos industriais. Por essa lei as empresas passam a pagar não apenas pela água consumida, mas pela quantidade e qualidade do efluente descartado em corpos d'água. As farinheiras também utilizam grande quantidade de lenha para secagem da farinha em fornos de baixa eficiência. Para tentar solucionar os dois problemas, poluição ambiental e energético, pesquisas têm sido feitas no CERAT, Centro de raízes e Amidos Tropicais, sobre tratamento anaeróbio de manipueira. Nesse processo, além de redução da carga orgânica, ocorre produção de gás metano, que pode ser queimado, substituindo parte da lenha na secagem da farinha. Pesquisas anteriores comprovaram que o tratamento da manipueira em biodigestores de fase única não é viável, devido à acidificação excessiva do meio. Neste trabalho, foi feita a avaliação do tratamento de manipueira em biodigestores fase acidogênica e metanogênica. O reator acidogênico utilizado foi do tipo fluxo ascendente, TRH (Tempo de Retenção Hidráulica) de um dia e temperatura mantida em 35 1ºC. O metanogênico, um filtro anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente, foi operado com TRH de três dias e temperatura de 32º 1C. O efluente do reator acidogênico foi utilizado como afluente do reator metanogênico. Foram analisados nos afluentes e efluentes de cada reator...
One of the biggest problems faced by cassava flour factories is the destination of manipueira, a liquid waste generated in large amounts (300L/ton of processed roots). This waste causes pollution due to its high organic load and is toxic because contains lynamarine, a cyanogenic glycoside potentially convertible to cyanide. Without any low-cost solution, cassava flour factories discard this waste in rivers or in areas close to them. After implementation of Brazilian law nº9433, from January 8th, 1997 that is related to the National Policy for Water Resources more attention should be paid relatively to industrial waste treatment. The industries will have to pay not only for the consumed water, but also for the amount and quality of the waste discharged in the rivers. Cassava factories also need large amounts of firewood for drying flour on low-efficiency ovens. Searching for a solution for these problems, environmental and energy, researches are being developed at CERAT about anaerobic treatment of manipueira. In this process, beyond reducing organic load there is production of methane a fuel gas that can advantageously substitute firewood in flour drying. Previous researches showed that treating manipueira in one-phase biodigestors was not viable due to excessive acidification. In the present work acidogenic and methanogenic biodigestors were evaluated for treating manipueira. The acidogenic reactor was an upflow reactor, one-day HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) and temperature kept at 35 l 1ºC. The methanogenic reactor, an anaerobic upflow filter, was operated with a three-day HRT, temperature of 32 l 1ºC. The acidogenic reactor effluent was employed as influent of the methanogenic reactor. Total and volatile solids, pH, alkalinity and acidity, COD (Chemical Demand Oxygen) and minerals were analysed for both influent and effluent, as well as the amount and composition of the produced biogas...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
One of the biggest problems faced by cassava flour factories is the destination of manipueira, a liquid waste generated in large amounts (300L/ton of processed roots). This waste causes pollution due to its high organic load and is toxic because contains lynamarine, a cyanogenic glycoside potentially convertible to cyanide. Without any low-cost solution, cassava flour factories discard this waste in rivers or in areas close to them. After implementation of Brazilian law nº9433, from January 8th, 1997 that is related to the National Policy for Water Resources more attention should be paid relatively to industrial waste treatment. The industries will have to pay not only for the consumed water, but also for the amount and quality of the waste discharged in the rivers. Cassava factories also need large amounts of firewood for drying flour on low-efficiency ovens. Searching for a solution for these problems, environmental and energy, researches are being developed at CERAT about anaerobic treatment of manipueira. In this process, beyond reducing organic load there is production of methane a fuel gas that can advantageously substitute firewood in flour drying. Previous researches showed that treating manipueira in one-phase biodigestors was not viable due to excessive acidification. In the present work acidogenic and methanogenic biodigestors were evaluated for treating manipueira. The acidogenic reactor was an upflow reactor, one-day HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) and temperature kept at 35 l 1ºC. The methanogenic reactor, an anaerobic upflow filter, was operated with a three-day HRT, temperature of 32 l 1ºC. The acidogenic reactor effluent was employed as influent of the methanogenic reactor. Total and volatile solids, pH, alkalinity and acidity, COD (Chemical Demand Oxygen) and minerals were analysed for both influent and effluent, as well as the amount and composition of the produced biogas...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Resíduos, Biodigestor, Farinha de mandioca, Manipueira, Cassava, Waste products
Como citar
BARANA, Ana Cláudia. Avaliação de tratamento de manipueira em biodigestores fase acidogênica e metanogênica. 2000. x, 95 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2000.