Podridão floral dos citros: variabilidade, sobrevivência e controle do agente causal, Colletotrichum acutatum
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2009-10-05
Autores
Cintra, Gabriella Souza [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo teve como objetivos: (i) identificar e caracterizar do ponto de vista genetico, morfológico e patogênico isolados de Colletotrichum acutatum, agente causal da doença Podridão floral dos citros; (ii) determinar fontes de inóculo e condições de sobrevivência deste patógeno em órgãos vegetativos; (iii) avaliar o controle da doença mediante o emprego de fungicidas, assim como os estádios de florescimento mais adequados para pulverização, em campo; (iv) avaliar o efeito pós e pré-infeccional de C. acutatum a fungicidas, em casa de vegetação e; (v) avaliar a sensibilidade de C. acutatum a fungicidas, in vitro. Isolados associados à PFC pertencem à espécie Colletotrichum acutatum. Há uma elevada variabilidade morfológica entre isolados de C. acutatum, indicativo de polimorfismo entre as populações. De acordo com as variáveis morfológicas avaliadas e, mediante análises exploratórias foram determinados seis grupos de isolados. Todos os estágios de florescimento, assim como a fase ‘chumbinho’ são suscetíveis a C. acutatum. As flores de plantas cítricas de laranjas doce ‘Pêra’, ‘Natal’, ‘Valência’, ‘Hamlin’ e ‘Folha Murcha’ mostraram-se suscetíveis a C. acutatum. Cálices retidos, pétalas e folhas são fontes de inóculo de C. acutatum. Colletotrichum acutatum sobrevive em cálices retidos e em folhas, no entanto, o maior número de colônias procedeu-se de cálices retidos. Colletotrichum acutatum sobrevive em folhas de plantas jovens. Os fungicidas sistêmicos, carbendazim, tiofanato-metílico e pyraclostrobin e o protetor folpet quando aplicados isoladamente em ‘cabeça-de-fósforo’ e ‘cotonete’ não diferiram entre si, portanto esses fungicidas tornam-se alternativas no controle da PFC. As aplicações de erradicante ou protetor nos estádios, primórdio floral e ‘cabeça-de-alfinete’ em combinação com fungicidas...
This study aimed to: (i) identify and to characterize point of view genetic, morphologic and pathogenic isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum, causal agent of postbloom fruit drop; (ii) to determine inoculum sources and conditions for survival of this pathogen in vegetative organs; (iii) to evaluate disease control through the use of fungicides, as well as the flowering stage more suitable for spray field; (iv) evaluate the effect pos and pre-infection of C. acutatum to fungicides in the greenhouse and; (v) to evaluate sensitivity of C. acutatum to fungicide in vitro. Isolates associated with PFD belong to the specie Colletotrichum acutatum. There is a high morphological variability among isolates of C. acutatum, indicative of polymorphism among populations. According to the morphological and evaluated by exploratory analysis were determined six groups of isolates. All stages of flowering and the fruitlet are susceptible to C. acutatum. The flowers of citrus trees, of sweet orange 'Pera', 'Natal', 'Valencia', 'Hamlin' and 'Folha Murcha' were susceptible to C. acutatum. Persistent calyces, petals and leaves are sources of inoculum of C. acutatum. Colletotrichum acutatum survives in persistent calyces and in leaves, however the largest number of colonies was persistent calyces. Colletotrichum acutatum survives in leaves of young plants. The fungicides, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and pyraclostrobin and the protector folpet when applied alone in 'white bud' and 'hollow ball' did not differ, so these fungicides become alternatives to control of the PFD. The applications eradicative or protector in the stages, floral prime and ‘green bud’ in combination with fungicides in 'white bud' and 'hollow ball' is not different from the systemic applications alone, so the conditions under which experiments were performed, applications eradicative or protector became expendable. There was no ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
This study aimed to: (i) identify and to characterize point of view genetic, morphologic and pathogenic isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum, causal agent of postbloom fruit drop; (ii) to determine inoculum sources and conditions for survival of this pathogen in vegetative organs; (iii) to evaluate disease control through the use of fungicides, as well as the flowering stage more suitable for spray field; (iv) evaluate the effect pos and pre-infection of C. acutatum to fungicides in the greenhouse and; (v) to evaluate sensitivity of C. acutatum to fungicide in vitro. Isolates associated with PFD belong to the specie Colletotrichum acutatum. There is a high morphological variability among isolates of C. acutatum, indicative of polymorphism among populations. According to the morphological and evaluated by exploratory analysis were determined six groups of isolates. All stages of flowering and the fruitlet are susceptible to C. acutatum. The flowers of citrus trees, of sweet orange 'Pera', 'Natal', 'Valencia', 'Hamlin' and 'Folha Murcha' were susceptible to C. acutatum. Persistent calyces, petals and leaves are sources of inoculum of C. acutatum. Colletotrichum acutatum survives in persistent calyces and in leaves, however the largest number of colonies was persistent calyces. Colletotrichum acutatum survives in leaves of young plants. The fungicides, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and pyraclostrobin and the protector folpet when applied alone in 'white bud' and 'hollow ball' did not differ, so these fungicides become alternatives to control of the PFD. The applications eradicative or protector in the stages, floral prime and ‘green bud’ in combination with fungicides in 'white bud' and 'hollow ball' is not different from the systemic applications alone, so the conditions under which experiments were performed, applications eradicative or protector became expendable. There was no ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cítricos, Fungicidas, Citrus sinensis, Caracterização, Characterization, Chemical control, Fungicides, Inoculum, Integrated management
Como citar
CINTRA, Gabriella Souza. Podridão floral dos citros: variabilidade, sobrevivência e controle do agente causal, Colletotrichum acutatum. 2009. viii, 103 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2009.