Melhoramento participativo de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata Dusch), sob manejo biodinâmico
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Data
2011-11-11
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A abóbora (Cucurbita moschata Dusch), planta de origem americana, é cultivada em diversos estados do Brasil, principalmente por agricultores familiares que, muitas vezes, produzem suas próprias sementes. Porém, estes agricultores nem sempre aproveitam a variabilidade existente para selecionar as melhores plantas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade dos frutos de populações de abóbora obtida a partir de melhoramento participativo e método da seleção massal estratificada em três ciclos de seleção, em uma propriedade biodinâmica familiar no município de Botucatu-SP. Apenas no segundo e terceiro ciclo foi realizada emasculação das plantas fora do padrão comercial através de seleção antes do florescimento. Foram realizados dois experimentos comparando a população original e três ciclos de seleção, com semeaduras em setembro/2009 e agosto/2010. Os ensaios foram realizados em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com sete repetições. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: número de frutos por planta (total, comercial e não comercial), percentagem de frutos comerciais e não comerciais, massa média por fruto, massa dos frutos por planta (total, comercial e não comercial), comprimento do fruto (total, pescoço e bojo), diâmetro do fruto (pescoço e bojo), relação entre comprimento e diâmetro do bojo e do pescoço, comprimento total médio/diâmetro médio, comprimento do pescoço/comprimento do bojo e diâmetro do pescoço/diâmetro do bojo. Os resultados indicaram aumento na frequência de plantas com frutos comerciais e, consequentemente, aumento na produção de frutos comerciais ao longo dos ciclos de seleção, mostrando que...
The squash (Cucurbita moschata Dusch), plant of American origin, is cultivated in many states in Brazil, mainly by familiar farmers. There is a great biodiversity of genetic resource that is not select by this farmers. The aim of this work was to evaluate the yield and the quality of fruits of squash population obtained with the participatory breeding using stratifeid mass selection method in three generations cycles, in a biodynamic familiar farm in the Botucatu city in São Paulo state-Brazil. Only at the second and third cycles was done plant emasculation of plants with no commercial fruits, through the selection before flowering. There were two experiments comparing the original population and three cycles of selection, one in September (2009) and another in November (2009). These assays were conducted in randomized blocks experimental design, with seven replications. It was evaluated the following traits: number of fruits per plant (total, commercial and not commercial); percentage of commercial fruits and not commercial fruits per plant; average weight of fruits; weight of fruits per plant (total. commercial and not commercial ); total length of the neck and the bulge, diameter of the neck and the bulge; ratio of length to diameter of the neck and the bulge; ratio of total length with an average diameter; ratio of the length of the neck to the length of the bulge and ratio of the diameter of the neck to the diameter of the bulge. The results indicate an increase in the frequency of plants with commercial fruits, and show that the practice of participatory breeding and stratified mass selection is feasible for these conditions. The squash population obtained is a potential polinizer of Tetsukabuto squash, bringing new opportunities of gain for the farmer
The squash (Cucurbita moschata Dusch), plant of American origin, is cultivated in many states in Brazil, mainly by familiar farmers. There is a great biodiversity of genetic resource that is not select by this farmers. The aim of this work was to evaluate the yield and the quality of fruits of squash population obtained with the participatory breeding using stratifeid mass selection method in three generations cycles, in a biodynamic familiar farm in the Botucatu city in São Paulo state-Brazil. Only at the second and third cycles was done plant emasculation of plants with no commercial fruits, through the selection before flowering. There were two experiments comparing the original population and three cycles of selection, one in September (2009) and another in November (2009). These assays were conducted in randomized blocks experimental design, with seven replications. It was evaluated the following traits: number of fruits per plant (total, commercial and not commercial); percentage of commercial fruits and not commercial fruits per plant; average weight of fruits; weight of fruits per plant (total. commercial and not commercial ); total length of the neck and the bulge, diameter of the neck and the bulge; ratio of length to diameter of the neck and the bulge; ratio of total length with an average diameter; ratio of the length of the neck to the length of the bulge and ratio of the diameter of the neck to the diameter of the bulge. The results indicate an increase in the frequency of plants with commercial fruits, and show that the practice of participatory breeding and stratified mass selection is feasible for these conditions. The squash population obtained is a potential polinizer of Tetsukabuto squash, bringing new opportunities of gain for the farmer
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Abóbora, Agricultura organica, Produtividade agrícola, Organic agriculture
Como citar
JOVCHELEVICH, Pedro. Melhoramento participativo de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata Dusch), sob manejo biodinâmico. 2011. viii, 44 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade EStadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2011.