Monitoramento do estado nutricional de plantas cítricas e da solução do solo em sistema de fertirrigação
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Data
2010-03-18
Autores
Souza, Thais Regina de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O fornecimento adequado de nutrientes é fundamental para melhorar a produtividade e reduzir os custos de produção, principalmente em sistemas de fertirrigação, onde a adição e a demanda por nutrientes podem ser ajustadas. Sendo assim, estudos sobre o monitoramento do estado nutricional das culturas são necessários. Esses estudos incluem técnicas de análise mais eficientes para determinar com maior rapidez e precisão os nutrientes absorvidos pela planta e, assim, definir com mais segurança o manejo adequado da adubação via fertirrigação. O objetivo deste projeto de pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de cinco doses de N, P e K, fornecidas via fertirrigação, sobre a produção e a qualidade da laranja e o estado nutricional da planta em duas combinações de copa porta-enxerto. Para isso, um trabalho experimental de campo em Reginópolis-SP/Brasil foi conduzido durante duas safras com plantas das variedades Valência e Hamlim, ambas sobre porta-enxerto citrumelo Swingle. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco doses de N, P e K, aplicadas via fertirrigação: T1 - controle (sem nutriente); T2 - 25%; T3 - 50%; T4 - 100% e T5 - 200% da dose de N, P e K. A dose 100%, oficialmente recomendada, foi definida com base no histórico de análises de solo e folhas e também em função da produtividade esperada. A partir desta dose foram calculadas as outras. Para monitorar o estado nutricional das plantas foram realizadas análises de folha e seiva e também foi determinada a medida indireta da clorofila. A dinâmica dos nutrientes no solo foi monitorada pela amostragem do solo e também pela coleta da solução do solo, com o auxílio de extratores de cápsula porosa. Também foi quantificada a produção e avaliada a qualidade dos frutos. O aumento das doses de N, P e K aplicadas via...
The management of nutrients supply is fundamental to increase citrus fruit yield and to reduce the production costs, mainly in fertigated orchards, in which the nutrients supply and demand can be adjusted. This way, studies about monitoring the nutritional conditions of the plants are necessary. Such studies include more efficient analysis techniques to assess faster and more accurately the absorbed nutrients, enabling a safe management of the fertilizers. This research project was aimed at evaluating the effect of five rates of N, P, and K, supplied by means of fertigation, in the yield and quality of the oranges and in the plant’s nutritional state on two combinations of treetop rootstocks. For this, an experimental work in the city of Reginópolis-SP/Brazil was conducted during two harvests with Hamlin and Valência trees, both grafted on citrumelo Swingle rootstock. The treatments consisted of five rates of N, P, and K, applied through fertigation: T1 - control (no nitrogen); T2 - 25%; T3 - 50%; T4 - 100% and T5 - 200% of the N, P, and K rate. The 100% rate, officially recommended, was established based on historic soil and leaf analysis and also in accordance with the expected productivity. The remaining rates were calculated from it. To monitor the nutritional state of the plants, leaf analysis, sap analysis, and the indirect measurement of the chlorophyll were employed. The nutrients dynamics in the soil was evaluated by soil sampling and by the soil solution analysis, with the help of porous covering soil solution extractors. The yield was quantified and the fruit quality was also assessed. The increasing in the N, P, and K rates through fertigation caused a decreasing in pH and an increasing in electrical conductivity and in ammonium, nitrate, phosphorus, manganese and zinc in the soil solution. A narrow correlation with the SPAD measures was observed in the applied nitrogen... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The management of nutrients supply is fundamental to increase citrus fruit yield and to reduce the production costs, mainly in fertigated orchards, in which the nutrients supply and demand can be adjusted. This way, studies about monitoring the nutritional conditions of the plants are necessary. Such studies include more efficient analysis techniques to assess faster and more accurately the absorbed nutrients, enabling a safe management of the fertilizers. This research project was aimed at evaluating the effect of five rates of N, P, and K, supplied by means of fertigation, in the yield and quality of the oranges and in the plant’s nutritional state on two combinations of treetop rootstocks. For this, an experimental work in the city of Reginópolis-SP/Brazil was conducted during two harvests with Hamlin and Valência trees, both grafted on citrumelo Swingle rootstock. The treatments consisted of five rates of N, P, and K, applied through fertigation: T1 - control (no nitrogen); T2 - 25%; T3 - 50%; T4 - 100% and T5 - 200% of the N, P, and K rate. The 100% rate, officially recommended, was established based on historic soil and leaf analysis and also in accordance with the expected productivity. The remaining rates were calculated from it. To monitor the nutritional state of the plants, leaf analysis, sap analysis, and the indirect measurement of the chlorophyll were employed. The nutrients dynamics in the soil was evaluated by soil sampling and by the soil solution analysis, with the help of porous covering soil solution extractors. The yield was quantified and the fruit quality was also assessed. The increasing in the N, P, and K rates through fertigation caused a decreasing in pH and an increasing in electrical conductivity and in ammonium, nitrate, phosphorus, manganese and zinc in the soil solution. A narrow correlation with the SPAD measures was observed in the applied nitrogen... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fertirrigação, Plantas - Nutrição, Seiva, Clorofilômetro, Citros, Citrus, Chlorophyllmeter, Sap, Soil solution, Yield, Quality
Como citar
SOUZA, Thais Regina de. Monitoramento do estado nutricional de plantas cítricas e da solução do solo em sistema de fertirrigação. 2010. xiii, 131 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2010.