Cryptococcus neoformans de fontes ambientais e biopropecção de extratos de plantas com atividade saneante
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Data
2009-03-27
Autores
Diniz, José Nelson Martins [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Cryptococcus neoformans é levedura capsulada saprobiota que acomete principalmente indivíduos com o sistema imunológico comprometido. Seu habitat está relacionado com algumas espécies de árvores, madeira em decomposição e fezes de pássaros, em especial de pombos do gênero Columba livia. Nas grandes cidades estas aves vêm causando diversos problemas devido a sua multiplicação intensa. Desta maneira, medidas saneantes serão de grande auxílio para controlar a população desta levedura. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo reidentificar 67 isolados de C. neoformans de fontes ambientais e caracterizá-los quanto ao seu genótipo e perfil de sensibilidade aos antifúngicos anfotericina B, cetoconazol, itraconazol e fluconazol, utilizando o método da difusão em ágar seguindo o documento M44A e determinando a concentação inibitória mínima frente a fluconazol pelo método M27-A2, ambos preconizados pelo CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute). Por outro lado, verificar o efeito antifúngico de extratos de plantas e sua atividade saneante em fezes de pombos comprovadamente contaminadas com isolado ATCC 90012 de C. neoformans. Todos isolados foram Mating Type α e tipo VNI. Pelo método de microdiluição, 21% (14/67) dos isolados ambientais apresentaram sensibilidade diminuída ao fluconazol com CIM de 16 μg/mL e mais de 50% (34/67) apresentaram CIM de 8 μg/mL.O extrato de Alibertia macrophylla apresentou efeito saneante com índice de eficiência de mais de 80% após 24 horas, na grande maioria dos isolados de C. neoformans. Este extrato foi estável...
Cryptococcus neoformans is a saprobiote capsuled yeast that proliferates mainly in individuals who have the immunologic system compromised. It natural habitat is related to some species of trees, decaying wood and bird excrement, in special Columba livia doves. In big cities, these birds have caused many problems due to its intense proliferation and the cleaning measures will be of great help in controlling this yeast. The aim of this study was to re-identify 67 C. neoformans isolates and characterize them according to their genotype and susceptibility to antifungal amphotericin B, cetoconazole, itraconazole e fluconazole, using the method of agar diffusion following the M44A document and determining the minimum inhibitory concentration to fluconazole by method M27-A2, both recommended by the CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute). On the other hand, the verification of the effect of plant extracts e and their cleaning activity on dove excrement previously contaminated with isolate ATCC 90012 of C. neoformans. All the isolates were Mating Type α and VNI. For the microdilution method, 21% (14/67) of the environmental isolates showed decreased susceptibility to fluconazole with MIC of 16 mg/mL and more than 50% (34/67) had MICs of 8 mg/mL. The extract of Alibertia macrophylla presented clean effect with index of efficiency of 80% after 24 hours, in the great majority of C. neoformans isolates. This extract was stable to the light incidence, to the heat and variation of pH. Our results are of great use for the development and utilization of active natural compounds in the fight against C. neoformans from environmental and the study of other variables are necessary for the viability of its use as a domestic cleaner.
Cryptococcus neoformans is a saprobiote capsuled yeast that proliferates mainly in individuals who have the immunologic system compromised. It natural habitat is related to some species of trees, decaying wood and bird excrement, in special Columba livia doves. In big cities, these birds have caused many problems due to its intense proliferation and the cleaning measures will be of great help in controlling this yeast. The aim of this study was to re-identify 67 C. neoformans isolates and characterize them according to their genotype and susceptibility to antifungal amphotericin B, cetoconazole, itraconazole e fluconazole, using the method of agar diffusion following the M44A document and determining the minimum inhibitory concentration to fluconazole by method M27-A2, both recommended by the CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute). On the other hand, the verification of the effect of plant extracts e and their cleaning activity on dove excrement previously contaminated with isolate ATCC 90012 of C. neoformans. All the isolates were Mating Type α and VNI. For the microdilution method, 21% (14/67) of the environmental isolates showed decreased susceptibility to fluconazole with MIC of 16 mg/mL and more than 50% (34/67) had MICs of 8 mg/mL. The extract of Alibertia macrophylla presented clean effect with index of efficiency of 80% after 24 hours, in the great majority of C. neoformans isolates. This extract was stable to the light incidence, to the heat and variation of pH. Our results are of great use for the development and utilization of active natural compounds in the fight against C. neoformans from environmental and the study of other variables are necessary for the viability of its use as a domestic cleaner.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cryptococcus neoformans, Micologia, Extratos vegetais, Plantas - Efeito antifúngico, Pombos - Medidas saneantes
Como citar
DINIZ, José Nelson Martins. Cryptococcus neoformans de fontes ambientais e biopropecção de extratos de plantas com atividade saneante. 2009. 138 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2009.