Polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs): bioprospecção de micro-organismos e produção a partir de glicerol
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Data
2012-02-10
Autores
Paula, Fabrício Coutinho de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs) são poliésteres biodegradáveis, sintetizados como grânulos intracelulares em células bacterianas, na presença de excesso de fonte de carbono e limitação de nutrientes necessários ao crescimento. Estes biopolímeros são atraentes substitutos para os polímeros derivados do petróleo, devido às suas propriedades similares com vários termoplásticos e elastômeros. Atualmente, a produção de biocombustíveis é outra grande alternativa para a substituiçã do petróleo, especialmente o biodiesel produzido a partir da transesterificação de gorduras e óleos vegetais e animais. O glicerol bruto é o principal subproduto da produção deste biocombustível, o qual tem baixo custo devido à presença de impurezas. O desafio na produção de PHAs é a competitividade com os preços dos polímeros derivados do petróleo. Uma solução para este problema tem sido propor a implementação de biorefinarias que obtém outros produtos, agregando valores à cadeia de produção do biodiesel, tal como, a produção de biopolímeros bacterianos, utilizando glicerol bruto como fonte de carbono. Portanto, torna-se necessária a descoberta de novas linhagens bacterianas promissoras, na produção de PHAs a partir deste insumo. Neste trabalho, realizou-se a busca por micro-organismos capazes de produzir polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs) utilizando glicerol em meios de cultivo. Para verificar o potencial de produção destes polímeros a partir desta fonte de carbono, foram avaliadas 107 linhagens de micro-organismos através da reação com o corante Sudan Black B. Entre os quais, estavam 76 isolados obtidos de solo de Floresta Ombrófila Densa (Mata Atlântica) e 31 de solo de Mangue. Além disso, foram também avaliadas 7 linhagens de P. aeruginosa provenientes de solos contaminados com hidrocarbonetos e manipueira...
The polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polyesters that are synthesized intracellularly and deposited as granules in bacterial cultures in the presence of excess carbon source and a growth limiting nutrient. These biopolymers are attractive substitute for petrochemical-based plastics due to their similar material properties to various thermoplastics and elastomers. Actually, the biofuels production is another great alternative to replace the petroleum, specially the biodiesel generated from the transesterification of vegetable or animal fats and oils. The crude glycerol is the main byproduct of biodiesel production, which has a relative low value due to the presence of impurities. The challenge in the PHAs production is the competitive prices of petroleum polymers. A solution for this problem has been proposed with the implementation of biorefineries that co-produce additional valueadded products along with biodiesel, such as bacterial biopolymers production utilizing crude glycerol as a carbon source. Therefore, it is necessary to discover a new promising PHAsproducing bacterial strains. In this work, was carried out the search for PHA-producer microorganisms utilizing glycerol as a sole carbon source. For this, 107 bacterial strains were evaluated by Sudan Black B staining reaction. Among which were 76 strains isolated from a tropical moist forest soil (Atlantic forest) and 31 from Mangrove ecosystem. Furthermore, 7 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and cassava wastewater were also evaluated for PHAs production. In this experiments were determined the pH, carbon source consumption e cell dry weight. The freeze-dried cells were subjected to propanolysis for PHAs determination.The propyl esters were assayed by gas chromatography... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polyesters that are synthesized intracellularly and deposited as granules in bacterial cultures in the presence of excess carbon source and a growth limiting nutrient. These biopolymers are attractive substitute for petrochemical-based plastics due to their similar material properties to various thermoplastics and elastomers. Actually, the biofuels production is another great alternative to replace the petroleum, specially the biodiesel generated from the transesterification of vegetable or animal fats and oils. The crude glycerol is the main byproduct of biodiesel production, which has a relative low value due to the presence of impurities. The challenge in the PHAs production is the competitive prices of petroleum polymers. A solution for this problem has been proposed with the implementation of biorefineries that co-produce additional valueadded products along with biodiesel, such as bacterial biopolymers production utilizing crude glycerol as a carbon source. Therefore, it is necessary to discover a new promising PHAsproducing bacterial strains. In this work, was carried out the search for PHA-producer microorganisms utilizing glycerol as a sole carbon source. For this, 107 bacterial strains were evaluated by Sudan Black B staining reaction. Among which were 76 strains isolated from a tropical moist forest soil (Atlantic forest) and 31 from Mangrove ecosystem. Furthermore, 7 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and cassava wastewater were also evaluated for PHAs production. In this experiments were determined the pH, carbon source consumption e cell dry weight. The freeze-dried cells were subjected to propanolysis for PHAs determination.The propyl esters were assayed by gas chromatography... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Polimeros, Biopolimeros, Biopolymer
Como citar
PAULA, Fabrício Coutinho de. Polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs): bioprospecção de micro-organismos e produção a partir de glicerol. 2012. 220 f. Tese - (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2012.