Dietas microencapsuladas: produção e avaliação para alimentação de larvas altriciais de peixes de água doce
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Data
2013-01-25
Autores
Leitão, Natalia de Jesus [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo teve como objetivo produzir e avaliar dietas microencapsuladas para larvas altriciais de peixes de água doce pela combinação dos processos de gelificação iônica e coacervação complexa. As microcápsulas foram formuladas para conter níveis de nutrientes baseados na composição de náuplios de artêmia. Cinco dietas microencapsuladas foram produzidas variando apenas o óleo incorporado: oliva, girassol, linhaça, sacha inchi e peixe. As dietas microencapsuladas foram avaliadas utilizando larvas de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus e foram comparadas a dois tratamentos controle, um com náuplios de artêmia e outro com dieta comercial. Para tanto, foram considerados aspectos relacionados à aceitação das dietas, desempenho produtivo, alterações morfológicas do trato digestório e celularidade do músculo esquelético dos animais, além da expressão de genes relacionados com a miogênese e crescimento muscular. As dietas microencapsuladas apresentaram, de modo geral, 550 g kg–1 de proteína bruta, 240 g kg–1 de lipídios e 11 g kg–1 de cinzas, além de teores de umidade superiores a 850 g kg–1. Nenhuma das dietas microencapsulas foi rejeitada pelos animais, entretanto quantidades inferiores aos náuplios de artêmia foram ingeridas (p<0,05). Baixos valores de taxa de crescimento específico foram observados nos animais alimentados com as dietas microencapsulas, o que refletiu em ganho em peso inferior ao proporcionado pelos náuplios de artêmia e pela dieta comercial (p<0,05). Entre as dietas microencapsuladas, aquela produzida com óleo de peixe apresentou os mais baixos índices de crescimento e sobrevivência (p<0,05). As análises histológicas demonstraram atraso no desenvolvimento do intestino, fígado, pâncreas e estômago dos animais alimentados com as dietas microencapsuladas, assim como na musculatura...
This study aimed to produce and evaluate microencapsulated diets for altricial freshwater fish larvae by combining ionic gelation and complex coacervation processes. The microparticles were formulated to contain nutrient levels based on artemia nauplii composition. Five microencapsulated diets were produced varying only the oil source: olive, sunflower, linseed, sacha inchi and fish. Microencapsulated diets were evaluated using pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae and compared to two feed controls, artemia nauplii and commercial diet. Therefore, we considered issues related to attractiveness of diets, growth performance, morphological changes of the digestive tract and skeletal muscle cellularity, and expression of genes related to myogenesis and muscle growth. Microencapsulated diets displayed in general 550 g kg–1 protein, 240 g kg–1 lipid and 11 g kg–1 of ash. Moisture content was higher than 850 g kg–1. Any of the microencapsulated diet was rejected by fish, however lower amounts then artemia nauplii were ingested (p<0.05). The specific growth rates of the animals fed with microencapsulated diets were lower than the control treatments, which also resulted in less weight gain (p<0.05). The comparison amongst the microencapsulated diets revealed that the diet produced with fish oil showed the lowest growth rate and survival (p<0.05). Histological analyzes indicated developmental delay in intestine, liver, pancreas and stomach of fish fed with microencapsulated diets, as well as skeletal muscle fibers in these fish. Higher frequency of small fibers (diameter ≤10 mm) was observed in the deep layer of the epaxial muscle... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
This study aimed to produce and evaluate microencapsulated diets for altricial freshwater fish larvae by combining ionic gelation and complex coacervation processes. The microparticles were formulated to contain nutrient levels based on artemia nauplii composition. Five microencapsulated diets were produced varying only the oil source: olive, sunflower, linseed, sacha inchi and fish. Microencapsulated diets were evaluated using pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae and compared to two feed controls, artemia nauplii and commercial diet. Therefore, we considered issues related to attractiveness of diets, growth performance, morphological changes of the digestive tract and skeletal muscle cellularity, and expression of genes related to myogenesis and muscle growth. Microencapsulated diets displayed in general 550 g kg–1 protein, 240 g kg–1 lipid and 11 g kg–1 of ash. Moisture content was higher than 850 g kg–1. Any of the microencapsulated diet was rejected by fish, however lower amounts then artemia nauplii were ingested (p<0.05). The specific growth rates of the animals fed with microencapsulated diets were lower than the control treatments, which also resulted in less weight gain (p<0.05). The comparison amongst the microencapsulated diets revealed that the diet produced with fish oil showed the lowest growth rate and survival (p<0.05). Histological analyzes indicated developmental delay in intestine, liver, pancreas and stomach of fish fed with microencapsulated diets, as well as skeletal muscle fibers in these fish. Higher frequency of small fibers (diameter ≤10 mm) was observed in the deep layer of the epaxial muscle... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pacu (Peixe), Peixe - Nutrição, Peixe - Larva, Aparelho digestivo, Microencapsulação, Sistema musculoesquelético, Fishes
Como citar
LEITÃO, Natalia de Jesus. Dietas microencapsuladas: produção e avaliação para alimentação de larvas altriciais de peixes de água doce. 2013. v, 91 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de jaboticabal, 2013.