Metabolismo e exigências de minerais em cabras gestantes
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Data
2013-02-21
Autores
Härter, Carla Joice [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Foi avaliado o metabolismo e determinada as exigências de gestação de cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg), sódio (Na) e potássio (K) em cabras leiteiras com gestação simples e gemelar. Ao todo foram utilizadas 100 cabras (PC 49,5 kg ± 8,9; ECC =2,6 ± 0,66) sendo 59 cabras da raça Saanen e 55 da raça Alpina. Para os estudos de metabolismo e cálculos de exigências nutricionais foi determinada a retenção dos minerais no corpo materno, no útero gravídeo e na glândula mamária através do método de abate comparativo, sendo que cabras gestantes foram abatidas em diferentes idades gestacionais. Adicionalmente amostras de sangue foram tomadas ao longo da gestação e foram determinadas as concentrações séricas de Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Ca iônico e atividade da fosfatase alcalina. Foram realizados quatro ensaios de digestibilidade (por volta dos 50, 80, 110 e 145 dias de gestação). Os dados foram analisados como modelos mistos e as exigências de gestação foram determinadas através da equação de Gompertz. O número de fetos não foi decisivo para as mudanças no metabolismo mineral materno. O ganho de peso corporal materno e as suas retenções de Ca, P e Mg (g/kg) diminuíram com o avanço da gestação (P < 0,01). A retenção de todos os macro minerais no corpo materno (g/kg) das cabras Alpina foram maiores (P < 0,01) e seus fetos apresentaram maior deposição (mg/g) de Ca, P e Mg (P < 0,01). Quando submetida à restrição alimentar, a mãe realizou ajustes fisiológicos para evitar a diminuição da deposição mineral nos fetos, sendo que esta não foi prejudicada pelo nível de 20% de restrição alimentar. Entretanto com 40% de restrição, o desenvolvimento fetal foi comprometido, pois a prioridade de certos minerais como P, Na e K passou a ser do corpo materno. As exigências de minerais para gestação foram diferentes entres as raças estudadas...
The metabolism was evaluated and determined the requirements for pregnancy of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) in dairy goats with twin gestation and simple. Altogether 100 goats were used (PC 49.5 kg ± 8.9; ECC = 2.6 ± 0.66), 59 Saanen goats and 55 in Alpina. For studies of metabolism and nutritional requirements we determined the retention of minerals in the maternal body, uterus tissues, fetal fluid, fetuses and mammary gland by the method of comparative slaughter. The pregnant goats were slaughtered at different gestational ages. Further blood samples were taken throughout pregnancy and were determined serum concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Ca ionic and alkaline phosphatase activity. Four assays of digestibility were conducted (around 50, 80, 110 and 145 days of gestation). Data were analyzed as mixed models and the requirements for pregnancy was determined by Gompertz equation. The number of fetuses was not decisive for the changes in the mineral metabolism. The maternal body weight gain and its retention of Ca, Mg and P (g/kg) decreased with advancing gestation. The retention of all macrominerals in maternal body (g/kg) Alpina goats were higher and their fetuses showed higher deposition (mg/g) of Ca, Mg and P. When subjected to food restriction, the mother realized physiological adjustments to avoid the decrease of mineral deposition in the fetuses, and this was not affected by the level of 20% food restriction. However restriction with 40%, fetal development was compromised because the priority of certain minerals like P, Na and K became the maternal body. The mineral requirements for pregnancy were different between the breeds and types of gestation. Alpina goats have higher requirements of gestation Saanen goats. The maintenance requirements of pregnant goats is different from the recommended maintenance requirements for adult animals in general
The metabolism was evaluated and determined the requirements for pregnancy of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) in dairy goats with twin gestation and simple. Altogether 100 goats were used (PC 49.5 kg ± 8.9; ECC = 2.6 ± 0.66), 59 Saanen goats and 55 in Alpina. For studies of metabolism and nutritional requirements we determined the retention of minerals in the maternal body, uterus tissues, fetal fluid, fetuses and mammary gland by the method of comparative slaughter. The pregnant goats were slaughtered at different gestational ages. Further blood samples were taken throughout pregnancy and were determined serum concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Ca ionic and alkaline phosphatase activity. Four assays of digestibility were conducted (around 50, 80, 110 and 145 days of gestation). Data were analyzed as mixed models and the requirements for pregnancy was determined by Gompertz equation. The number of fetuses was not decisive for the changes in the mineral metabolism. The maternal body weight gain and its retention of Ca, Mg and P (g/kg) decreased with advancing gestation. The retention of all macrominerals in maternal body (g/kg) Alpina goats were higher and their fetuses showed higher deposition (mg/g) of Ca, Mg and P. When subjected to food restriction, the mother realized physiological adjustments to avoid the decrease of mineral deposition in the fetuses, and this was not affected by the level of 20% food restriction. However restriction with 40%, fetal development was compromised because the priority of certain minerals like P, Na and K became the maternal body. The mineral requirements for pregnancy were different between the breeds and types of gestation. Alpina goats have higher requirements of gestation Saanen goats. The maintenance requirements of pregnant goats is different from the recommended maintenance requirements for adult animals in general
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cabra - Nutrição, Cabra - Metabolismo, Feto, Gravidez, Minerais na nutrição animal, Nutrition
Como citar
HÄRTER, Carla Joice. Metabolismo e exigências de minerais em cabras gestantes. 2013. vii, 147 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2013.