Protocolos e durações de adaptação às dietas com alta inclusão de concentrados para bovinos Nelore confinados
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Data
2013-12-16
Autores
Barducci, Robson Sfaciotti [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da duração de protocolos de adaptação às dietas com alta inclusão de concentrados sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça (CC), comportamento ingestivo (CI) e variação diária na ingestão de matéria seca (VDIMS) de bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 2 × 2, sendo os fatores protocolos de adaptação (escadas e restrição) e tempo de durações dos mesmos (9 e 14 dias), totalizando 24 baias, com 6 repetições (baia) por tratamento (5 animais/baia), com 120 Nelores machos não castrados (361,3 ± 30,2 kg), distribuídos em 6 blocos. Foi observado para os animais do protocolo de restrição menor ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) em quilogramas no período de 0 a 28 dias (P=0,01) e 0 a 56 dias (P=0,10) (9,01 vs. 9,67 e 10,18 vs. 10,66), menor IMS em porcentagem de peso vivo (PV) no período de 0 a 28 dias (P=0,01) e 0 a 56 dias (P=0,03) (2,36 vs. 2,52 e 2,47 vs. 2,58). Para conversão alimentar, eficiência alimentar e custo para ganhar um quilo de PV, os animais do protocolo de restrição tiveram melhores valores no período de 0 a 56 dias (P=0,06) e 0 a 84 dias (P=0,04) (0 a 56 dias: 5,61 vs. 5,97; 0,179 vs. 0,169 e 3,32 vs. 3,53 - 0 a 84 dias: 6,08 vs. 6,38; 0,165 vs. 0,157 e 3,59 vs. 3,77). Foi observado (P=0,0056) efeito principal de protocolo na VDIMS, com maiores valores para os animais adaptados pelo protocolo em escadas na fase de adaptação (0,524 vs. 0,438). No CI, animais do protocolo de restrição apresentaram menor tempo de ruminação (TR) (P<0,01) (304,00 min/d vs. 398,59 min/d), idas ao bebedouro (IB) (P=0,03) (7,40 vs. 8,32), tempo de alimentação por refeição (P<0,01) (5,47 min vs. 7,41 min) e eficiência de ruminação da MS (ERUMS) (P<0,01) (41,93 min/kg vs. 47,76 min/kg)...
One hundred and twenty, 24-mo-old Nellore bulls (361.3±30.2 kg) were fed in 24 pens for 84-d to determine effects of adaptation protocol and length period on feedlot performance, carcass traits, feeding behavior and dry matter intake fluctuations (DMIF) of Nellore cattle. A completely randomized block design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement and 6 replications was used (5 bulls/pen). Factors include adaptation protocols, restricted finishing diet intake (REST) as a means of dietary adaptation compared with diets increasing in concentrate (STEP) over periods of either 9 or 14 d. Low dry matter intake (DMI) in kilograms for the REST animals in the period from 0 to 28 days (P=0.01) and 0 to 56 days (P=0.10) (9.01 vs 9.67 and 10.18 vs. 10.66) as well as low DMI in percentage of body weight (BW) in the period from 0 to 28 days (P=0.01) and 0 to 56 days (P=0.03) (2.36 vs 2.52; 2.47 vs. 2.58) were observed. REST animals showed better values in the period from 0 to 56 days (P=0.06) and 0 to 84 days (P=0.04) in feed conversion, feed efficiency and cost to gain one kilogram of BW (0 to 56 days: 5.61 vs 5.97, 0.179 vs 0.169 and 3.32 vs 3.53 - 0 to 84 days: 6.08 vs 6.38, 0.165 vs 0.157 and 3.59 vs 3.77). STEP animals presented (P=0.0056) higher DMIF at adaptation phase (0.524 vs 0.438). Regarding feeding behavior, REST animals presented lower chewing time (P<0.01) (304.00 min/d vs 398.59 min/d), lower number of visits to drink water (P=0.03) (7.40 vs 8.32), less meal time (P<0.01) (5.47 min vs 7.41 min) and lower chewing dry matter efficiency (P<0.01) (41.93 min/kg vs 47.76 min/kg). Moreover, interaction between protocol and days (P<.0001) to daily feed time, total chewing time, inactivity time, DMI and daily feed efficiency of dry matter was observed, in which REST animal provided the best values along the observation days... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
One hundred and twenty, 24-mo-old Nellore bulls (361.3±30.2 kg) were fed in 24 pens for 84-d to determine effects of adaptation protocol and length period on feedlot performance, carcass traits, feeding behavior and dry matter intake fluctuations (DMIF) of Nellore cattle. A completely randomized block design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement and 6 replications was used (5 bulls/pen). Factors include adaptation protocols, restricted finishing diet intake (REST) as a means of dietary adaptation compared with diets increasing in concentrate (STEP) over periods of either 9 or 14 d. Low dry matter intake (DMI) in kilograms for the REST animals in the period from 0 to 28 days (P=0.01) and 0 to 56 days (P=0.10) (9.01 vs 9.67 and 10.18 vs. 10.66) as well as low DMI in percentage of body weight (BW) in the period from 0 to 28 days (P=0.01) and 0 to 56 days (P=0.03) (2.36 vs 2.52; 2.47 vs. 2.58) were observed. REST animals showed better values in the period from 0 to 56 days (P=0.06) and 0 to 84 days (P=0.04) in feed conversion, feed efficiency and cost to gain one kilogram of BW (0 to 56 days: 5.61 vs 5.97, 0.179 vs 0.169 and 3.32 vs 3.53 - 0 to 84 days: 6.08 vs 6.38, 0.165 vs 0.157 and 3.59 vs 3.77). STEP animals presented (P=0.0056) higher DMIF at adaptation phase (0.524 vs 0.438). Regarding feeding behavior, REST animals presented lower chewing time (P<0.01) (304.00 min/d vs 398.59 min/d), lower number of visits to drink water (P=0.03) (7.40 vs 8.32), less meal time (P<0.01) (5.47 min vs 7.41 min) and lower chewing dry matter efficiency (P<0.01) (41.93 min/kg vs 47.76 min/kg). Moreover, interaction between protocol and days (P<.0001) to daily feed time, total chewing time, inactivity time, DMI and daily feed efficiency of dry matter was observed, in which REST animal provided the best values along the observation days... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Nelore (Zebu), Rúmen, Ruminante - Alimentação e rações, Celulas - Proliferação, Cattle - Feeding and feeds
Como citar
BARDUCCI, Robson Sfaciotti. Protocolos e durações de adaptação às dietas com alta inclusão de concentrados para bovinos Nelore confinados. 2013. vi, 100 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia de Botucatu, 2013.