Tendência e determinantes do aleitamento materno exclusivo em crianças menores de 6 meses no município de Bauru-SP
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Data
2008-07-28
Autores
Parizoto, Giuliana Micheloto [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A OMS recomenda que os bebês recebam exclusivamente leite materno durante os primeiros seis meses de vida. Realizou-se um estudo avaliando a evolução do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) no período de 1999-2003-2006 no município de Bauru. Trata-se de estudo com dados secundários btides em três inquéritos transversais metodologicamente equivalentes que integram projeto maior de monitoramento de indicadores de aleitamento materno (AM) no Estado de São Paulo, denominado AMAMUNIC. Adotou-se um processo de amostragem por conglomerados, com sorteio em dois estágios. O tamanho amostral mínimo (1000) foi fixado para representar o total de crianças menores de um ano e permitir estimar a prevalência dos diferentes indicadores de AM com 95% de certeza, dentro de intervalos de confiança de 3%. Foram entrevistadas as mães ou acompanhantes de crianças menores de um ano que compareceram a uma das duas etapas das Campanhas de Multivacinação nos anos referidos. Os dados, relativos à alimentação da criança no dia anterior, foram obtidos mediante questionário padronizado. Apresentam-se estatísticas descritivas comparando a prevalência de AME em faixas etárias definidas nos três inquéritos. As diferenças foram expressas em termos de pontos percentuais e porcentagem de mudança e foram posteriormente submetidas a teste estatístico. Também foram pesquisados por regressão logística multivariada fatores de risco de interrupção do AME. Houve aumento progressivo nas prevalências do AME nos três anos estudados em todas as faixas etárias. No primeiro mês de vida, a taxa de AME que era de cerca de 20% em 1999 passou a quase 50% em 2006. A freqüência de AME em crianças menores de seis meses era de 8,5% em 1999 e alcançou 24% em 2006. No período 2003 2006 houve aumento de 6,6 pontos percentuais do AME; no período 1999 - 2003 o acréscimo foi de 9,1 pontos percentuais...
The WHO recommends that babies are exclusively breastfeed for the first six months of life. This study evaluated the evolution of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in 1999, 2003, and 2006 in Bauru, SP, Brazil, using secondary data from three methodologically equivalent transversal questionnaires which formed part of a larger study (AMAMUNIC), monitoring breastfeeding indicators __across São Paulo State. Two stage random conglomerate sampling was adopted. Minimum sample size (1000) was fixed to represent the total number of children under one year of age who attended one of two stages of multivaccination campaigns in the above years. Data related to feeding the child on the previous day were obtained by standardized questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the prevalence of EBF in the defined age bands in the three questionnaires. Differences were expressed as percentage points and percentage changes and then submitted to statistical testing. Risk factors for EBF interruption were also studied by multivariate logistic regression. There was a progressive increase in EBF prevalence in the three years studied in ali age bands. In the first month of life EBF rate changed from about 20% in 1999 to nearly 50% in 2006. The frequency of EBF in children under six months was 8,5% in 1999, and reached 24% in 2006. In the 2003 - 2006 period, there was a 6,6 percentage points increase in EBF, and in the 1999 - 2003, the increase was 9,1 percentage points. The annual EBF growth rate in children form zero to six months was 2,3 percentage points in the 1999 -2003 period and 2,2 percentage points in the 2003 - 2006 period, showing a nearly constant increase rate in the two periods. There was a significant inverse association between EBF and the use of a dummy, a habit seen in 54,0% of the children. The risk of a child not being exclusively breastfed associated to use of a dummy was 2,7 (IC95% 1,69-4,16).
The WHO recommends that babies are exclusively breastfeed for the first six months of life. This study evaluated the evolution of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in 1999, 2003, and 2006 in Bauru, SP, Brazil, using secondary data from three methodologically equivalent transversal questionnaires which formed part of a larger study (AMAMUNIC), monitoring breastfeeding indicators __across São Paulo State. Two stage random conglomerate sampling was adopted. Minimum sample size (1000) was fixed to represent the total number of children under one year of age who attended one of two stages of multivaccination campaigns in the above years. Data related to feeding the child on the previous day were obtained by standardized questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the prevalence of EBF in the defined age bands in the three questionnaires. Differences were expressed as percentage points and percentage changes and then submitted to statistical testing. Risk factors for EBF interruption were also studied by multivariate logistic regression. There was a progressive increase in EBF prevalence in the three years studied in ali age bands. In the first month of life EBF rate changed from about 20% in 1999 to nearly 50% in 2006. The frequency of EBF in children under six months was 8,5% in 1999, and reached 24% in 2006. In the 2003 - 2006 period, there was a 6,6 percentage points increase in EBF, and in the 1999 - 2003, the increase was 9,1 percentage points. The annual EBF growth rate in children form zero to six months was 2,3 percentage points in the 1999 -2003 period and 2,2 percentage points in the 2003 - 2006 period, showing a nearly constant increase rate in the two periods. There was a significant inverse association between EBF and the use of a dummy, a habit seen in 54,0% of the children. The risk of a child not being exclusively breastfed associated to use of a dummy was 2,7 (IC95% 1,69-4,16).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Amamentação, Saúde pública - Bauru (SP), Enfermagem de saúde pública
Como citar
PARIZOTO, Giuliana Micheloto. Tendência e determinantes do aleitamento materno exclusivo em crianças menores de 6 meses no município de Bauru-SP. 2008. 99 f. Dissertacao (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 2008.