Temperatura e concentração de CO2 durante a incubação interferem na morfofisiologia do sistema digestório de frangos de corte
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Data
2013-02-06
Autores
Souza, Lilian Francisco Arantes de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura e da concentração de CO2 durante a incubação sobre o desenvolvimento morfofisiológico do sistema digestório de frangos de corte durante a fase fetal e pré-inicial. Foram realizados dois experimentos, cada um com 1296 ovos férteis de matrizes Cobb, metade com 35 semanas (jovens) e metade com 55 semanas (velhas). No experimento 1 os ovos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em três incubadoras mantidas a 37,5°C até o nono dia de incubação. A partir do décimo dia as temperaturas foram alteradas correspondendo a 36,5°C, 37,5°C e 38,5°C em cada incubadora até o final da incubação. No experimento 2 os ovos foram distribuídos em DIC em três incubadoras, uma mantida sem injeção de CO2 durante todo o período de incubação e as outras receberam injeções contínuas e crescentes de CO2 até atingir 1% e 1,5% de CO2 cada uma, até o décimo dia de incubação. Todas as incubadoras foram mantidas em condições normais de ventilação durante todo o período de incubação. Foram avaliados: eclodibilidade, eclosão, qualidade do pinto, o período médio e a duração de bicagem interna, externa e nascimento, o crescimento alométrico dos órgãos do sistema digestório dos fetos (16, 18 e 20 dias de incubação) e dos pintos (1, 4 e 7 dias de vida), o desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal dos fetos (16, 18 e 20 dias de incubação) e dos pintos (1, 4 e 7 dias de vida) e a atividade de enzimas pancreáticas dos pintos (1, 4 e 7 dias de vida). No experimento 1, não houve efeito das temperaturas de incubação sobre a eclosão, eclodibilidade e qualidade dos pintos nas duas idades de matrizes avaliadas. As temperaturas de incubação de 38,5°C e 36,5°C causaram, respectivamente, diminuição e aumento do período médio de bicagem interna, externa e nascimento...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and CO2 concentration during incubation on morphophysiological development of digestive system of broiler breeders during fetal and pre-starter stages. Two experiments were conducted, each with 1296 fertile eggs of Cobb broiler breeders, half at 35 weeks (young) and half at 55 weeks (old). In experiment 1, the eggs were distributed in a completely randomized design in three incubators maintained at 37.5°C until the ninth day of incubation. From the tenth day the temperatures were changed to 36.5°C, 37.5°C and 38.5°C in each incubator until the end of incubation. In experiment 2, the eggs were divided in completely randomized design in three incubators, one group was maintained without CO2 injection during the whole incubation period and other groups received CO2 increasing and continuous injections until CO2 concentration reached 1% for the first and 1,5% for the second, until the tenth days of incubation. All incubators were kept under normal conditions of ventilation during the entire incubation period. Was evaluated: hatchability, hatching, chick quality, the average time and duration of internal and external pecking and birth, allometric growth of fetuses digestive organs (16, 18 and 20 days of incubation) and chicks digestive organs (1 , 4 and 7 days of life), the intestinal mucosa development of fetuses (16, 18 and 20 days of incubation) and chicks (1, 4 and 7 days old) and the activity of chicks pancreatic enzymes (1, 4 and 7 days of life). In experiment 1, there was no effect of incubation temperatures on hatching, hatchability and chick quality regardless of the age of the breeder. The incubation in 38.5°C and 36.5°C temperatures caused respectively a decrease and increase in the average period of internal and external pecking and birth... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and CO2 concentration during incubation on morphophysiological development of digestive system of broiler breeders during fetal and pre-starter stages. Two experiments were conducted, each with 1296 fertile eggs of Cobb broiler breeders, half at 35 weeks (young) and half at 55 weeks (old). In experiment 1, the eggs were distributed in a completely randomized design in three incubators maintained at 37.5°C until the ninth day of incubation. From the tenth day the temperatures were changed to 36.5°C, 37.5°C and 38.5°C in each incubator until the end of incubation. In experiment 2, the eggs were divided in completely randomized design in three incubators, one group was maintained without CO2 injection during the whole incubation period and other groups received CO2 increasing and continuous injections until CO2 concentration reached 1% for the first and 1,5% for the second, until the tenth days of incubation. All incubators were kept under normal conditions of ventilation during the entire incubation period. Was evaluated: hatchability, hatching, chick quality, the average time and duration of internal and external pecking and birth, allometric growth of fetuses digestive organs (16, 18 and 20 days of incubation) and chicks digestive organs (1 , 4 and 7 days of life), the intestinal mucosa development of fetuses (16, 18 and 20 days of incubation) and chicks (1, 4 and 7 days old) and the activity of chicks pancreatic enzymes (1, 4 and 7 days of life). In experiment 1, there was no effect of incubation temperatures on hatching, hatchability and chick quality regardless of the age of the breeder. The incubation in 38.5°C and 36.5°C temperatures caused respectively a decrease and increase in the average period of internal and external pecking and birth... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Frango de corte, Digestão, Aparelho digestivo, Temperatura, Dióxido de carbono, Ovos - Eclodibilidade, Digestion
Como citar
SOUZA, Lilian Francisco Arantes de. Temperatura e concentração de CO2 durante a incubação interferem na morfofisiologia do sistema digestório de frangos de corte. 2013. xiv, 141 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2013.