Platform switching: avaliação biomecânica por meio do método de elementos finitos tridimensional
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Data
2008-12-19
Autores
Tabata, Lucas Fernando [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução e Justificativa. No tratamento com implantes osseointegrados, o tecido ósseo peri-implantar sofre um processo de aposição e reabsorção, durante o primeiro ano após a restauração protética. Tem sido relatado que a platform switching reduz a remodelação óssea esperada, muito embora os mecanismos responsáveis por este processo não estejam claramente elucidados. Objetivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição de tensões no tecido ósseo peri-implantar, nos implantes e componente protéticos de coroa metalocerâmica implantossuportada, utilizando o conceito de platform switching e comparando-o com uma conexão regular abutment-implante, por meio do método de elementos finitos tridimensional (MEF-3D). Material e métodos. Dois modelos 3D reproduziram uma conexão regular entre abutment-implante com componentes de mesmo diâmetro (grupo Plataforma Regular - PR) e uma conexão com o conceito de platform switching (grupo Platform Switching - PS). Um implante regular (plataforma protética de 4.1mm) e um implante largo (plataforma protética de 5.0mm) foram utilizados para representar PR e PS, respectivamente, nos quais um componente protético regular de 4.1mm foi conectado para simular a coroa protética. Uma carga de 100N foi aplicada utilizando-se o programa ANSYS. Resultados. PS diminuiu a concentração de tensões no implante quando comparado com PR, alterando a distribuição das tensões na plataforma protética, o que resultou em diminuição das tensões no parafuso e tecido ósseo e aumento das tensões na coroa. Conclusões. Platform switching reduziu as tensões no tecido ósseo peri-implantar, o que pode resultar em uma diminuição da reabsorção óssea marginal. A utilização de componentes protéticos de menor diâmetro que a plataforma protética do implante diminuiu a concentração das tensões nos implantes e no parafuso, podendo...
Statement of problem. After implant insertion and loading, crestal bone usually undergoes remodeling and resorption during the first year following prosthetic restoration. It has been reported that the platform switching seems to reduce or eliminate the expected postrestoration crestal bone remodeling, although the mechanisms responsible for this process are not yet clearly drawn. Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution in periimplant bone tissue, implants and prosthetic components of single crown implantssupported with the use of platform switching concept, using three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D- FEA). Material and methods. Two 3D finite element models reproduced a external hexagonal implant system with peri-implant bone tissue, in which a regular matching diameter connection of abutment-implant (Regular Platform group - RPG) and a platform switching connection (Platform Switching group - PSG) were simulated. A regular implant (prosthetic platform of 4.1mm) and a wide implant (prosthetic platform of 5.0mm) were used to represent the RPG and PSG, respectively, in which a regular prosthetic component of 4.1mm was connected to represent the crown. A load of 100N was applied on the models using ANSYS software. Results. PSG diminished the stress concentration at the implant when compared to RPG by altering the stress distribution at the prosthetic platform of the implant, which results in a decrease of stress into the screw and supporting bone and an increase of stress in the crown. Conclusions. Platform switching improved biomechanically the stress distribution in peri-implant bone tissue of implant system, which might result in a reduced marginal bone loss. The use of mismatching prosthetic components in relation to the implant prosthetic platform diameter seems to decrease stress concentration at implant and screw, which might represent less clinical complications.
Statement of problem. After implant insertion and loading, crestal bone usually undergoes remodeling and resorption during the first year following prosthetic restoration. It has been reported that the platform switching seems to reduce or eliminate the expected postrestoration crestal bone remodeling, although the mechanisms responsible for this process are not yet clearly drawn. Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution in periimplant bone tissue, implants and prosthetic components of single crown implantssupported with the use of platform switching concept, using three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D- FEA). Material and methods. Two 3D finite element models reproduced a external hexagonal implant system with peri-implant bone tissue, in which a regular matching diameter connection of abutment-implant (Regular Platform group - RPG) and a platform switching connection (Platform Switching group - PSG) were simulated. A regular implant (prosthetic platform of 4.1mm) and a wide implant (prosthetic platform of 5.0mm) were used to represent the RPG and PSG, respectively, in which a regular prosthetic component of 4.1mm was connected to represent the crown. A load of 100N was applied on the models using ANSYS software. Results. PSG diminished the stress concentration at the implant when compared to RPG by altering the stress distribution at the prosthetic platform of the implant, which results in a decrease of stress into the screw and supporting bone and an increase of stress in the crown. Conclusions. Platform switching improved biomechanically the stress distribution in peri-implant bone tissue of implant system, which might result in a reduced marginal bone loss. The use of mismatching prosthetic components in relation to the implant prosthetic platform diameter seems to decrease stress concentration at implant and screw, which might represent less clinical complications.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Implantes dentários, Prótese dentária, Biomecânica, Método dos elementos finitos, Prótese dentária fixada por implante, Dental implants
Como citar
TABATA, Lucas Fernando. Platform switching: avaliação biomecânica por meio do método de elementos finitos tridimensional. 2008. 89 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, 2008.