Influência da queima da palha de cana de açúcar na constituição do material particulado atmosférico (MP2,5 e MP10) e as suas implicações potenciais sobre a saúde humana
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Data
2011-02-25
Autores
Silva, Flavio Soares [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil, a queima da cana de açúcar é utilizada para facilitar a colheita, mas este procedimento causa grande poluição ambiental devido a quantidade de fuligem lançada na atmosfera. O material particulado (MP) emitido contém inúmeros contaminantes, tais como: hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) e elementos. A cidade de Araraquara/SP possui cerca de 200.000 habitantes e é cercada por plantações de cana de açúcar, sendo que a prática de queimada é constante no período da safra (abril-novembro, todos os anos). Neste trabalho, determinou-se a concentração elementar e de HPAs em MP na cidade de Araraquara durante o período da safra (S) e da entre safra (E) da cana de açúcar. Foram coletadas 60 amostras (E) e 220 amostras (S) para a análise de HPAs, e 10 amostras (E) e 10 amostras (S) para a análise elementar. As amostras foram coletadas utilizando um amostrador dicotômico (vazão: 10 L min-1, 24 h) com filtros de PTFE (37 mm, 2 μm de tamanho de poro). Para a análise de HPAs, dez filtros de PTFE contendo o MP foram extraídos em banho de ultrassom com acetona/n-hexano (1:1 v/v), sendo que as análises foram efetuadas por HPLC/FLD. A análise elementar foi efetuada por fluorescência de raios X por energia dispersiva (EDXRF), sem tratamento prévio das amostras. A concentração mediana de HPAs totais foi de 1,9 ng m-3 (E) e 6,2 ng m-3 (S). A concentração mediana de benzo[a]pireno, HPA considerado carcinogênico, foi de 0,026 ng m-3 e 0,15 ng m-3 para os períodos de E e S, respectivamente. O risco potencial de câncer associado à exposição a HPAs por inalação, foi estimado com base na concentração de benzo[a]pireno equivalente (BaPeq), onde a toxicidade de uma mistura de HPAs é definida pela concentração de cada substância multiplicada pelo seu fator de equivalência de toxicidade relativa (FET). Os valores medianos encontrados para...
In Brazil, the sugar cane crops are burned to facilitate the harvesting, this procedure causes environmental pollution from the large amounts of soot that are released into the atmosphere. This particulate matter (MP) contains numerous contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals. The city of Araraquara, located at central area from São Paulo State, has around 200,000 inhabitants and is surrounded by sugarcane plantations (46,994 ha of total cultivated area, in the harvest 2008/2009). In this study, PAHs concentrations and elemental composition in the MP were determined in Araraquara city during the sugarcane harvesting (HV) and non-harvesting (NHV) seasons. 60 samples were collected during the NHV and 220 samples during the HV seasons for the analysis of PAHs. 10 samples were collected during the NHV and 10 samples during the HV season for the analysis of Si, K, Ca, Ti, V, Fe, Sr, Cr, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Sb, Al, S and Cl. The samples were collected using a dichotomous sampler (10 L min-1, 24 h) with PTFE filters. Ten filters sets were extracted (ultrasonic bath with hexane/acetone (1:1 v/v)) and analyzed by HPLC/FLD for the analysis of PAHs. Information concerning the bulk elemental concentration was provided by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The median concentration for total PAHs was 1.9 ng m-3 (NHV) and 6.2 ng m-3 (HV). Benzo[a]pyrene median concentration was 0.026 ng m-3 and 0.15 ng m-3 for the NHV and HV seasons, respectively. The potential cancer risk associated to inhalation exposure was estimated based on the benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalence (BaPeq), where the overall toxicity of a PAH mixture is defined by the concentration of each compound multiplied... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
In Brazil, the sugar cane crops are burned to facilitate the harvesting, this procedure causes environmental pollution from the large amounts of soot that are released into the atmosphere. This particulate matter (MP) contains numerous contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals. The city of Araraquara, located at central area from São Paulo State, has around 200,000 inhabitants and is surrounded by sugarcane plantations (46,994 ha of total cultivated area, in the harvest 2008/2009). In this study, PAHs concentrations and elemental composition in the MP were determined in Araraquara city during the sugarcane harvesting (HV) and non-harvesting (NHV) seasons. 60 samples were collected during the NHV and 220 samples during the HV seasons for the analysis of PAHs. 10 samples were collected during the NHV and 10 samples during the HV season for the analysis of Si, K, Ca, Ti, V, Fe, Sr, Cr, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Sb, Al, S and Cl. The samples were collected using a dichotomous sampler (10 L min-1, 24 h) with PTFE filters. Ten filters sets were extracted (ultrasonic bath with hexane/acetone (1:1 v/v)) and analyzed by HPLC/FLD for the analysis of PAHs. Information concerning the bulk elemental concentration was provided by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The median concentration for total PAHs was 1.9 ng m-3 (NHV) and 6.2 ng m-3 (HV). Benzo[a]pyrene median concentration was 0.026 ng m-3 and 0.15 ng m-3 for the NHV and HV seasons, respectively. The potential cancer risk associated to inhalation exposure was estimated based on the benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalence (BaPeq), where the overall toxicity of a PAH mixture is defined by the concentration of each compound multiplied... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Hidrocarbonetos policiclicos aromaticos, Queima de cana de açúcar, Composição elementar, Risco de câncer, HPAs, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Sugar cane burning, Elemental composition, Cancer risk
Como citar
SILVA, Flavio Soares. Influência da queima da palha de cana de açúcar na constituição do material particulado atmosférico (MP2,5 e MP10) e as suas implicações potenciais sobre a saúde humana. 2011. 141 f. Tese(doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química de Araraquara, 2011.