Avaliação técnica e econômica de sistemas de produção da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp) convencional e orgânica na região oeste do Estado de São Paulo
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Data
2008-03-28
Autores
Rapassi, Rosalina Maria Alves [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
São Paulo é o estado maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar e o seu crescimento vem ocorrendo na região oeste paulista, onde nos últimos cinco anos a produção mais que dobrou. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar questões técnicas e econômicas da produção da cana-deaçúcar (Saccharum spp) nos sistemas de cultivo convencional e orgânico na região oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Para o levantamento de sistemas de produção detalhados com coeficientes técnicos bem definidos, foi elaborado um questionário aplicado a fornecedores e técnicos ligados ao setor sucroalcooleiro. Para implantação da cultura os valores foram 28,26% maiores no sistema orgânico, quando comparados com o convencional, assim como, também os custos de produção foram maiores no sistema orgânico, chegando esta diferença a 8% no primeiro corte. No sistema orgânico os resultados foram mais satisfatórios, uma vez que o lucro operacional foi positivo em todos os cortes, o VPL atingiu R$ 1.646,37 e a TIR 24,09%. O mesmo sistema de colheita no sistema convencional apresentou VPL de R$ 508,25 e a TIR 14,19%. Foram estudados os quatro sistemas de colheita: colheita manual cana queimada apresentou menor custo, seguido pela colheita manual cana crua, seguido pela colheita mecanizada cana queimada e por último o maior custo com a colheita mecanizada cana crua. Os produtores estão cautelosos com relação a arrendamentos para novos plantios e muito embora a expansão da cultura e a instalação de novas usinas continuem, o ritmo de investimentos na região do setor sucroalcooleiro diminuiu. Esta redução dos investimentos deve-se também à valorização de florestas plantadas, dos preços de grãos e da arroba do boi verificada em 2007 e que, segundo previsões de analistas de mercado, deverá continuar nos próximos anos. Como a cultura da cana-de-açúcar também compete por áreas com estas outras...
São Paulo State is the biggest sugarcane producer, especially in the west area, where the production practically double in the last five years. The present work aimed to evaluate technical and economical issues of the sugarcane (Saccharum spp) production in the conventional and organic systems placed in the São Paulo State. In order to study the details of the production system with well defined technical coefficients, a questionnaire was applied on suppliers and technicians connected to the sugar – alcoholic plant. To implant the culture, the values were 28.26% higher in the organic system, when compared with the conventional one. Meanwhile the production costs were higher in the conventional system, with a difference that almost reached 8% in the first cut. The productivity increment obtained with the vinasse application didn't compensate the costs increase. The results were more satisfactory in the organic system, considering that the operational profit was positive for all cuts, VPL reached R$1,646.37 and TIR 24.09%. The same treatment in the conventional system (vinasse application and mechanized crop of raw cane) had VPL of R$508.25 and TIR 14.19%. Four crop systems have been studied: the manual crop of burned cane presented lower cost, followed by the manual crop of raw cane and the mechanized crop of burned cane. At last, the mechanized crop of raw cane had the higher cost. The producers are very concerned about the leasings for new plantings, because even though the crop expansion and the installation of new plants continues, the rhythm of the investments in the sugar – alcoholic section is decreasing. This reduction of investments is also due to the valorization of planted forests, grain prices and to the ox @ verified in 2007, and according to predictions of market analysts, it should continue to decrease in the next years. The sugar cane culture competes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
São Paulo State is the biggest sugarcane producer, especially in the west area, where the production practically double in the last five years. The present work aimed to evaluate technical and economical issues of the sugarcane (Saccharum spp) production in the conventional and organic systems placed in the São Paulo State. In order to study the details of the production system with well defined technical coefficients, a questionnaire was applied on suppliers and technicians connected to the sugar – alcoholic plant. To implant the culture, the values were 28.26% higher in the organic system, when compared with the conventional one. Meanwhile the production costs were higher in the conventional system, with a difference that almost reached 8% in the first cut. The productivity increment obtained with the vinasse application didn't compensate the costs increase. The results were more satisfactory in the organic system, considering that the operational profit was positive for all cuts, VPL reached R$1,646.37 and TIR 24.09%. The same treatment in the conventional system (vinasse application and mechanized crop of raw cane) had VPL of R$508.25 and TIR 14.19%. Four crop systems have been studied: the manual crop of burned cane presented lower cost, followed by the manual crop of raw cane and the mechanized crop of burned cane. At last, the mechanized crop of raw cane had the higher cost. The producers are very concerned about the leasings for new plantings, because even though the crop expansion and the installation of new plants continues, the rhythm of the investments in the sugar – alcoholic section is decreasing. This reduction of investments is also due to the valorization of planted forests, grain prices and to the ox @ verified in 2007, and according to predictions of market analysts, it should continue to decrease in the next years. The sugar cane culture competes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cana-de-açúcar - Cultivo, Cana-de-açúcar - Colheita, Investimentos - Analise, Saccharum spp, Costs, Profitability, Crop
Como citar
RAPASSI, Rosalina Maria Alves. Avaliação técnica e econômica de sistemas de produção da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp) convencional e orgânica na região oeste do Estado de São Paulo. 2008. 146 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2008.