Análise experimental da reforma a vapor de etanol: aspectos técnicos, econômicos e ecológicos
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Data
2010-12-10
Autores
Silva, Marcio Evaristo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste trabalho se estuda o processo de reforma a vapor de etanol para a produção de hidrogênio avaliando aspectos técnicos, econômicos e ecológicos. Inicialmente são apresentados conceitos e tecnologias referentes à produção de hidrogênio num âmbito geral, realçando o etanol, processos de produção de hidrogênio, aplicações do hidrogênio, reformas a vapor, suportes catalíticos e catalisadores promissores para a reforma a vapor do etanol. Logo após, desenvolve-se uma metodologia para a investigação dos aspectos técnicos relacionados à reforma a vapor do etanol, visando a preparação de catalisadores mono e bimetálicos à base de platina, níquel e cobre (Pt, Ni e Cu) suportado em óxidos de alumina (γ-Al2O3), zircônia (ZrO2), céria (CeO2) e em óxidos mistos (γ-Al2O3-25%ZrO2; γ-Al2O3-25%CeO2; CeO2-25%ZrO2). Em seguida, são apresentados protótipos de reformadores de etanol, assim como, seus componentes, características de funcionamento e resultados de testes experimentais, os quais revelaram uma produção de gás de síntese rico em hidrogênio com 75,24% antes do sistema de purificação e 99,84% de H2 após processo de purificação por adsorção molecular PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption). Em outra etapa, é estudada a viabilidade econômica, a qual permite avaliar a atratividade de um projeto analisando os custos de investimento, operação e manutenção do reformador de etanol. Além disso, também, é apresentado um estudo de projeção dos custos do hidrogênio, em US$/kWh, para sistemas de reforma a vapor de etanol com capacidades de produção de hidrogênio entre 1 e 1500 Nm3/h. Em ultima etapa, são investigados os aspectos ecológicos, na qual é apresentada uma análise de emissões do processo de reforma e o cálculo da eficiência ecológica, cujo resultado mostra que o processo de produção de hidrogênio via reformador de etanol é uma rota...
This work examines the process of steam reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production by evaluating the technical, economic and ecological aspects. Initially we present concepts and technologies related to hydrogen production in a general context, enhancing the ethanol, hydrogen production processes, applications of hydrogen, steam reforming, catalyst supports and catalysts promising for the ethanol steam reforming. Soon after, it develops a methodology to investigate the technical aspects related to the ethanol steam reforming in order to prepare mono and bimetallic catalysts based on platinum, nickel and copper (Pt, Ni and Cu) supported on γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), ceria (CeO2) and mixed oxides (γ-Al2O3; ZrO2; CeO2; γ-Al2O3-25%ZrO2; γ-Al2O3- 25%CeO2; CeO2-25%ZrO2). Next, ethanol reformers prototypes are presented, as well as their components, operating characteristics and results of experimental tests, which revealed a production of synthesis gas rich in hydrogen with 75,24% and 99,84% of H2, respectively, before the purification system and after purification process by adsorption process of molecular PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption). In another step, we study the economic feasibility, which allows us to evaluate the attractiveness of a project analyzing the investment and operation and maintenance of ethanol reformer. Furthermore, it is presented a study projecting the costs of hydrogen, in US$kWh for systems of ethanol steam reforming with production capacity of hydrogen between 1 and 1500 Nm3/h. In the last step, we investigated the ecological aspects of the system of ethanol steam reforming, which presents emissions analysis of the reform process and the ecological efficiency calculation, whose result shows that the process of producing hydrogen by ethanol reformer technological route is an environmentally attractive because it has a high ecological efficiency... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
This work examines the process of steam reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production by evaluating the technical, economic and ecological aspects. Initially we present concepts and technologies related to hydrogen production in a general context, enhancing the ethanol, hydrogen production processes, applications of hydrogen, steam reforming, catalyst supports and catalysts promising for the ethanol steam reforming. Soon after, it develops a methodology to investigate the technical aspects related to the ethanol steam reforming in order to prepare mono and bimetallic catalysts based on platinum, nickel and copper (Pt, Ni and Cu) supported on γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), ceria (CeO2) and mixed oxides (γ-Al2O3; ZrO2; CeO2; γ-Al2O3-25%ZrO2; γ-Al2O3- 25%CeO2; CeO2-25%ZrO2). Next, ethanol reformers prototypes are presented, as well as their components, operating characteristics and results of experimental tests, which revealed a production of synthesis gas rich in hydrogen with 75,24% and 99,84% of H2, respectively, before the purification system and after purification process by adsorption process of molecular PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption). In another step, we study the economic feasibility, which allows us to evaluate the attractiveness of a project analyzing the investment and operation and maintenance of ethanol reformer. Furthermore, it is presented a study projecting the costs of hydrogen, in US$kWh for systems of ethanol steam reforming with production capacity of hydrogen between 1 and 1500 Nm3/h. In the last step, we investigated the ecological aspects of the system of ethanol steam reforming, which presents emissions analysis of the reform process and the ecological efficiency calculation, whose result shows that the process of producing hydrogen by ethanol reformer technological route is an environmentally attractive because it has a high ecological efficiency... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Hidrogenio, Álcool, Hydrogen
Como citar
SILVA, Marcio Evaristo. Análise experimental da reforma a vapor de etanol: aspectos técnicos, econômicos e ecológicos. 2010. 159 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, 2010.