Alterações cromossômicas estruturais e evolução caritotípica em Astyanax fasciatus (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae)
Data
2012-10-12
Autores
Ferreira Neto, Maressa [UNESP]
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ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste estudo, espécimens de Astyanax fasciatus capturados no ribeirão Água de Madalena (bacia do alto rio Paraná) foram analisados citogeneticamente, revelando diferentes números diplóides em indivíduos convivendo em simpatria e sintopia, com números cromossômicos de 46, 48 e 50 cromossomos, sendo identificado ainda um cromossomo B acessório em todos os exemplares portadores da fórmula cariotípica com 46 cromossomos. Os exemplares analisados desta espécie foram submetidos às técnicas citogenéticas básicas de coloração com Giemsa, bandamento C e impregnação por nitrato de Prata e técnicas de citogenética molecular, com marcação por fluorocromos base-específicos, hibridação in situ fluorescente com sondas de DNAr 18S, 5S e As51, com sondas teloméricas (TTAGGG)n e também com a microdissecção cromossômica, que resultou da hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH) utilizando sondas produzidas a partir dos cromossomos B. A região organizadora de nucléolo (NOR) e os sítios de rDNA 18S e 5S mostraram uma distribuição conservada entre os citótipos 2n=46 e 2n=48 cromossomos, sendo que o citótipo de 2n=50 cromossomos apresentou-se de forma diferente com relação aos sítios de rDNA 18S, os quais se apresentaram localizados em cromossomos diferentes. A distribuição da heterocromatina foi pouco variável entre os três citótipos e a região da NOR mostrou-se CG rica quando submetida ao tratamento com Cromomicina A3. Os resultados obtidos com os marcadores moleculares e de citogenética básica mostraram que parece não ocorrer intercruzamentos envolvendo os exemplares dos diferentes citótipos, uma vez que não foram encontradas fórmulas cromossômicas híbridas entre estes citótipos até o presente. Porém, se estes citótipos compartilham uma série de homologias, como evidenciado na análise dos marcadores cromossômicos, também são encontradas diferenças...
In this study, specimens of Astyanax fasciatus were collected at Água da Madalena stream (Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil) and analyzed cytogenetically, revealing different diploid numbers of individuals living in sympatry and sintopy with chromosome numbers of 46, 48 and 50 chromosomes, still being identified a chromosome B accessory on all copies bearing the karyotype formula with 46 chromosomes. The specimens of this species analyzed were submitted to cytogenetic techniques basic of Giemsa staining, C-banding and Silver nitrate impregnation and molecular cytogenetic techniques, marked by base-specific fluorochromes, fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes 18S rDNA and 5S As51, telomeric probe (TTAGGG)n and also with the chromosome microdissection, resulting in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes generated from chromosome B. The nucleolus organizer regions (NOR) and sites of 5S and 18S rDNA showed a distribution conserved between cytotypes 2n = 46 and 2n = 48 chromosomes, and the cytotype of 2n = 50 chromosomes presented differently with respect to 18S rDNA sites, which are located on different chromosomes presented. The distribution of heterochromatin was somewhat variable among the three cytotypes and NOR region proved CG rich when subjected to treatment with chromomycin A3. The results obtained with the markers and molecular cytogenetics basic showed that appears not to occur intercrosses involving specimens of different cytotypes since it was not found among these formulas chromosomal hybrid cytotypes to the present. However, if these cytotypes share a number of homologies, as evidenced in the analysis of chromosomal markers are also differences that could be a consequence of chromosomal rearrangements complementary, providing new locations of rDNA sites and causing a consequent differentiation and speciation among copies of different cytotypes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
In this study, specimens of Astyanax fasciatus were collected at Água da Madalena stream (Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil) and analyzed cytogenetically, revealing different diploid numbers of individuals living in sympatry and sintopy with chromosome numbers of 46, 48 and 50 chromosomes, still being identified a chromosome B accessory on all copies bearing the karyotype formula with 46 chromosomes. The specimens of this species analyzed were submitted to cytogenetic techniques basic of Giemsa staining, C-banding and Silver nitrate impregnation and molecular cytogenetic techniques, marked by base-specific fluorochromes, fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes 18S rDNA and 5S As51, telomeric probe (TTAGGG)n and also with the chromosome microdissection, resulting in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes generated from chromosome B. The nucleolus organizer regions (NOR) and sites of 5S and 18S rDNA showed a distribution conserved between cytotypes 2n = 46 and 2n = 48 chromosomes, and the cytotype of 2n = 50 chromosomes presented differently with respect to 18S rDNA sites, which are located on different chromosomes presented. The distribution of heterochromatin was somewhat variable among the three cytotypes and NOR region proved CG rich when subjected to treatment with chromomycin A3. The results obtained with the markers and molecular cytogenetics basic showed that appears not to occur intercrosses involving specimens of different cytotypes since it was not found among these formulas chromosomal hybrid cytotypes to the present. However, if these cytotypes share a number of homologies, as evidenced in the analysis of chromosomal markers are also differences that could be a consequence of chromosomal rearrangements complementary, providing new locations of rDNA sites and causing a consequent differentiation and speciation among copies of different cytotypes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Astyanax (Peixe), Cromossomos - Polimorfismo, Citogenética animal, Livestock - Cytogenetics
Como citar
FERREIRA NETO, Maressa. Alterações cromossômicas estruturais e evolução caritotípica em Astyanax fasciatus (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae). 2012. 83 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2012.