Estudo da estrutura molecular dos cromossomos supranuméricos em Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae)
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Data
2010-08-27
Autores
Scudeler, Patrícia Elda Sobrinho [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os chamados cromossomos supranumerários ou B, também denominados de cromossomos extras ou acessórios, são elementos genômicos adicionais e não homólogos aos do complemento A. Alguns estudiosos consideram que os cromossomos B poderiam ter sido originados dos cromossomos do complemento cariotípico e posteriormente seguido sua própria evolução, mas existem também outras hipóteses a respeito disso. A presença desse tipo de cromossomo tem sido descrita em animais e plantas e estes elementos estruturais extras constituem material genético de origem e função geralmente desconhecidas. As mudanças no complemento cariotípico relacionadas à presença dos cromossomos B e a sua distribuição têm sido descritas como participantes dos mecanismos evolutivos em vertebrados. Entre os peixes, principalmente da fauna Neotropical, a presença de cromossomos B apresenta-se de forma expressiva entre as espécies, sendo de grande interesse para estudos sobre sua estrutura, origem e função no processo de diversificação biológica. Estes cromossomos têm um comportamento diferencial, quando submetidos à coloração por bandamento C, geralmente se apresentando total ou parcialmente heterocromáticos e às vezes eucromáticos. Essas características podem ser uma forte evidência da sua provável origem e evolução independente. Portanto, sabendo-se que o entendimento sobre os cromossomos B depende de intensivas análises citogenéticas e moleculares, e com o intuito de entender a natureza dos processos envolvidos na evolução desses cromossomos, no presente trabalho foram analisados cinco populações de Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae e as espécies Moenkhausia cosmops e Moenkhausia oligolepis pertencentes a diferentes bacias hidrográficas brasileiras. Foram utilizadas em exemplares de M. sanctaefilomenae, população do ribeirão Araquá, técnicas citogenéticas básicas...
The so-called supernumerary or B chromosomes, also known as extra or accessory chromosomes, are additional genomic elements non-homologous to those from the standard or A complement. Some experts argue that B chromosome would have been derived from the standard karyotype that have undergone their own evolutionary history, bout other hypotheses have also been proposed. The occurrence of these chromosomes has been described in both animals and plants but the origin and function of such extra structural elements remains poorly understood. Karyotypical changes related to the presence of B chromosomes and their distribution have been reported as evolutionary mechanisms in vertebrates. Among fish, mainly neotropical ones, B chromosomes are expressively found in many species, justifying their great interest for studies about structure, origin and function during biological diversification processes. These chromosomes have a differential behavior when submitted to C-banding, being entirely or partially heterochromatic or else euchromatic. These features might be a reliable evidence of their probable independent origin and evolution. Therefore, the understanding about B chromosomes depends on intensive cytogenetic and molecular analyses, and in order to comprehend the nature of their evolutionary processes, five populations of Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae and the species Moenkhausia cosmops and Moenkhausia oligolepis from different Brazilian hydrographic basins were analyzed in the present work. Basic cytogenetic (Giemsa staining, silver-stained NOR location and C-banding) and molecular (base-specific fluorochromes, 18S rDNA and 5S rDNA fluorescent in situ hybridization) techniques were applied on specimens of M. sanctaefilomenae from Araquá stream, to verify particularities related to heterochromatin distribution and B chromosomes, representing an interesting model for further molecular... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The so-called supernumerary or B chromosomes, also known as extra or accessory chromosomes, are additional genomic elements non-homologous to those from the standard or A complement. Some experts argue that B chromosome would have been derived from the standard karyotype that have undergone their own evolutionary history, bout other hypotheses have also been proposed. The occurrence of these chromosomes has been described in both animals and plants but the origin and function of such extra structural elements remains poorly understood. Karyotypical changes related to the presence of B chromosomes and their distribution have been reported as evolutionary mechanisms in vertebrates. Among fish, mainly neotropical ones, B chromosomes are expressively found in many species, justifying their great interest for studies about structure, origin and function during biological diversification processes. These chromosomes have a differential behavior when submitted to C-banding, being entirely or partially heterochromatic or else euchromatic. These features might be a reliable evidence of their probable independent origin and evolution. Therefore, the understanding about B chromosomes depends on intensive cytogenetic and molecular analyses, and in order to comprehend the nature of their evolutionary processes, five populations of Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae and the species Moenkhausia cosmops and Moenkhausia oligolepis from different Brazilian hydrographic basins were analyzed in the present work. Basic cytogenetic (Giemsa staining, silver-stained NOR location and C-banding) and molecular (base-specific fluorochromes, 18S rDNA and 5S rDNA fluorescent in situ hybridization) techniques were applied on specimens of M. sanctaefilomenae from Araquá stream, to verify particularities related to heterochromatin distribution and B chromosomes, representing an interesting model for further molecular... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Genetica animal, Hibridação, Cromossomos, Animal genetics
Como citar
SCUDELER, Patrícia Elda Sobrinho. Estudo da estrutura molecular dos cromossomos supranuméricos em Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae). 2010. 125 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2010.