Predação e defesa de anuros: revisão, descrição e evolução
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Data
2007-08-20
Autores
Pereira, Luís Felipe de Toledo Ramos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Até a presente tese, a informação sobre predação e estratégias defensivas em anuros estava fragmentada e desconexa na literatura científica. Na ausência de uma revisão sobre o tema, algumas especulações foram geradas baseadas nas impressões pessoais de diversos pesquisadores. Por exemplo, existem muitos ou poucos relatos de anuros sendo apresados? Um determinado comportamento defensivo já foi descrito em algum lugar, ou é inédito? Qual a relação entre os predadores e os mecanismos de defesa dos anuros? Essas e outras perguntas estavam em aberto. Mesmo em livros texto, os quais geralmente revisam os assuntos abordados de forma abrangente, nota-se o parco conhecimento sobre o tema, sendo estes sempre os menores capítulos dos livros e de conteúdo razoavelmente superficial. Todavia, muita informação já foi gerada e muita ainda está por vir. É nesse sentido que idealizamos e realizamos o presente estudo, visando reunir grande parte do conhecimento atual e gerar novas previsões e hipóteses testáveis. Assim, relacionamos os predadores atuais e naturais dos anfíbios anuros (incluindo as desovas e pós-metamórficos) e revisamos as principais estratégias defensivas dos adultos (pós-metamórficos). Muitos dados apresentados são inéditos e outros compilados da literatura, mas ambos analisados de maneira integrada e sempre dando enfoque evolutivo nas discussões apresentadas. Consideramos este estudo um ponto inicial para compreendermos mais profundamente as estratégias defensivas dos anuros e sua relação com os predadores naturais.
Until the present moment, the information about defensive strategies and predation upon anurans was fragmented and disconnected in the scientific literature. In the absence of an overview of the subject, some speculations have been raised based on personal points of view of several scientists. For example, are there many or few reports of predation upon anurans? A specific defensive behavior has already been described or not? How is the relationship between the defensive strategies and predator mechanisms? These and odder questions were hard to answer. Even in text books, where the subjects are treated in a broad way we can notice the poor knowledge of the subject and these are always the shorter and superficial chapters. However, many information is already available and many is about to come. Therefore, we idealized and did the present thesis, aiming to joint a large part of the current knowledge and promoting some previsions and testable hypotheses. So, we related the actual and natural predators of anurans (including eggs and post-metamorphics) and reviewed the main defensive strategies of the adults (post-metamorphics). A great amount of the data presented is novel and other set of data were found in the available literature, but both were analyzed simultaneously with an evolutive approach. We consider this thesis a starting point of a deeper comprehension of the anurans defensive strategies and their relationship with natural predators.
Until the present moment, the information about defensive strategies and predation upon anurans was fragmented and disconnected in the scientific literature. In the absence of an overview of the subject, some speculations have been raised based on personal points of view of several scientists. For example, are there many or few reports of predation upon anurans? A specific defensive behavior has already been described or not? How is the relationship between the defensive strategies and predator mechanisms? These and odder questions were hard to answer. Even in text books, where the subjects are treated in a broad way we can notice the poor knowledge of the subject and these are always the shorter and superficial chapters. However, many information is already available and many is about to come. Therefore, we idealized and did the present thesis, aiming to joint a large part of the current knowledge and promoting some previsions and testable hypotheses. So, we related the actual and natural predators of anurans (including eggs and post-metamorphics) and reviewed the main defensive strategies of the adults (post-metamorphics). A great amount of the data presented is novel and other set of data were found in the available literature, but both were analyzed simultaneously with an evolutive approach. We consider this thesis a starting point of a deeper comprehension of the anurans defensive strategies and their relationship with natural predators.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Anuro, Predação (Biologia), Anfíbio, Anura, Predation (Biology)
Como citar
PEREIRA, Luís Felipe de Toledo Ramos. Predação e defesa de anuros: revisão, descrição e evolução. 2007. 237 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2007.