Efeito da cafeína no comportamento e na longevidade de operárias de abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
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Data
2010-04-16
Autores
Arruda, Valeska Marques [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nesta pesquisa estudou-se o efeito da cafeína nas atividades referentes à divisão de trabalho entre operárias de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.), bem como na longevidade dessas abelhas. As atividades estudadas foram: limpeza, inspeção, termorregulação, construção, coleta, recepção de alimento, defesa da colônia e alimentação larval. A atividade de coleta de alimento e a longevidade das operárias em relação às variáveis ambientais: índice pluviométrico (mm), pressão atmosférica (mb), temperatura (°C), umidade relativa do ar (%) e velocidade do vento (Km/h) também foram analisadas. Foram utilizadas duas colônias alojadas em colméias de observação, sendo que uma delas (grupo controle) foi alimentada com 50g de cândi (85% de glaçúcar + 15% de mel), enquanto a outra (grupo experimental) recebeu 49,67g de cândi misturado a 0,33g de cafeína. Essa alimentação foi administrada semanalmente às abelhas das duas populações durante três meses consecutivos. Em cada colméia foram introduzidas 606 operárias recém-emergidas, marcadas com discos plásticos numerados colados ao tórax, provenientes de uma colônia matriz de abelhas africanizadas contendo uma rainha fecundada em vôo livre. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a frequência de operárias do grupo experimental que fizeram autolimpeza (65%), recepção de alimento (5%), alimentação larval e coleta de recursos alimentares (3%) foi maior em relação às abelhas do grupo controle. No que se refere à construção de favos, as operárias alimentadas com dieta contendo cafeína confeccionaram um número de células (401) quase duas vezes maior em relação às operárias que receberam dieta normal. O fluxo de coleta de pólen e néctar foi maior no grupo experimental (89%) e as abelhas deste grupo iniciaram a atividade de coleta em uma idade precoce, mas o período de maior atividade de coleta...
In this study the effects of caffeine on activities related to the division of labor among Africanized honeybee workers (Apis mellifera L.), and also on the longevity of these bees were investigated. The activities studied were: cleaning, inspection, temperature regulation, construction, collect of food resources, receiving food, defense of the colony and larval feeding. The gathering of food resources and the longevity of the worker bees in relation to the environmental variables: rainfall (mm), atmospheric pressure (mb), temperature (°C), relative air humidity (%) and wind speed (km / h) were also analyzed. Two colonies of honeybees maintained in observation hives were used in this research. One of them (control group) was fed with 50g of candy (85% of glaçucar plus 15% of honey), and the other (experimental group) received 49.67g of candy mixed with 0.33g of caffeine. This feeding was given weekly to the bees of these populations for three consecutive months. In each hive 606 newly-emerged worker bees, marked on the thorax with numbered plastic discs, were introduced. These bees came from a mother colony of Africanized honeybees which contained a fertilized queen in free flight. The results of this research revealed that the frequency of worker bees from the experimental group which made self-cleaning (65%), receiving food (5%), larval feeding (3%) and collect of food resources (3%) was higher in relation to the rates obtained for the control group. Concerning the construction of combs, the workers fed with diet containing caffeine made a number of cells (401) almost twice as large as that of the workers which received normal diet. The flow of the pollen and nectar collected was higher in the experimental group (89%) and the bees from this group started this task in the early age, but the period of greater activity was similar in both groups (between 34 and 40 days), for the oldest... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
In this study the effects of caffeine on activities related to the division of labor among Africanized honeybee workers (Apis mellifera L.), and also on the longevity of these bees were investigated. The activities studied were: cleaning, inspection, temperature regulation, construction, collect of food resources, receiving food, defense of the colony and larval feeding. The gathering of food resources and the longevity of the worker bees in relation to the environmental variables: rainfall (mm), atmospheric pressure (mb), temperature (°C), relative air humidity (%) and wind speed (km / h) were also analyzed. Two colonies of honeybees maintained in observation hives were used in this research. One of them (control group) was fed with 50g of candy (85% of glaçucar plus 15% of honey), and the other (experimental group) received 49.67g of candy mixed with 0.33g of caffeine. This feeding was given weekly to the bees of these populations for three consecutive months. In each hive 606 newly-emerged worker bees, marked on the thorax with numbered plastic discs, were introduced. These bees came from a mother colony of Africanized honeybees which contained a fertilized queen in free flight. The results of this research revealed that the frequency of worker bees from the experimental group which made self-cleaning (65%), receiving food (5%), larval feeding (3%) and collect of food resources (3%) was higher in relation to the rates obtained for the control group. Concerning the construction of combs, the workers fed with diet containing caffeine made a number of cells (401) almost twice as large as that of the workers which received normal diet. The flow of the pollen and nectar collected was higher in the experimental group (89%) and the bees from this group started this task in the early age, but the period of greater activity was similar in both groups (between 34 and 40 days), for the oldest... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Hymenoptera, Abelha - Comportamento, Divisão do trabalho, Longevidade, Recurso alimentar, Metilxantina, Food resource, Methylxanthine
Como citar
ARRUDA, Valeska Marques. Efeito da cafeína no comportamento e na longevidade de operárias de abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). 2010. 82 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2010.