Qualidade da madeira de eucalipto em função do espaçamento, da adubação e da idade conduzida no sistema de curta rotação
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Data
2013-11-12
Autores
Garcia, Éder Aparecido [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A crescente demanda por recursos energéticos renováveis tem impulsionado o desenvolvimento de plantios florestais com maior eficiência na produção de madeira com qualidade para este fim, mas com viabilidade econômica e com mínimos danos a sustentabilidade dos sítios de produção, fatores que objetivaram e justificaram o presente trabalho com Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla em sistemas de curta rotação. O experimento foi instalado em 2008, nos espaçamentos de 2,8x0,5 m, 2,8x1,0 m, 2,8x1,5 m, 2,8x2,0 m e 2,8x2,5 m, com três níveis de adubação. A aplicação de adubos foi NPK 6-30-6 no plantio nas doses de 70, 140 e 280 g.planta-1 e na cobertura foi de NPK 20-0-20 nas doses de 25, 50 e 100 g.planta-1 aos 60 dias, 35, 70 e 140 g.planta-1 aos 140 dias e 50, 100 e 200 g.planta-1 aos 360 dias após o plantio. Árvores amostra foram colhidas em três ocasiões, aos 18 meses, 24 meses e 30 meses para avaliações de volume, massa seca de madeira e atributos energéticos produtividade energética, acúmulo de cinzas, lignina e extrativos na madeira e exportação de nutrientes. Baseando-se no estudo de caso dos custos operacionais da empresa para a produção de briquetes, foram simulados os indicadores econômicos valor presente líquido, razão beneficio custo e custo médio de produção. A maior produção de volume de madeira com casca ocorreu aos 30 meses, no espaçamento de 2,8x0,5 m e 2,8x1,0 m, considerando que nesta idade a média estimada foi de 167 m³.ha-1. Com relação a massa seca de madeira, médias de 70 e 90 t.ha-1 foram encontradas nos espaçamentos mais adensados e com maior aplicação de adubo. A produtividade energética foi maior em espaçamentos mais adensados,...
The growing demand for renewable energy resources has driven the development of forest plantations with greater efficiency in the production of quality wood for this purpose, but with economic viability and sustainability with minimal damage to the sites of production, factors that objected and justified the present work. The experiment was installed in 2008 on a farm in which it produces wood briquettes, the spacing of 2.8x0.5 m, 2.8x1.0 m, 2.8x1.5 m, 2.8x2.0 m and 2.8x2.5 m, with three levels of fertilization. The application of fertilizers was NPK 30-6 at planting at doses of 70, 140 and 280 g/plant and the coverage was NPK 20-0-20 at doses of 25, 50 and 100 g/plant at 60 days, 35, 70 and 140 g/plant at 140 days and 50, 100 and 200 g/plant at 360 days after planting. Sample trees were harvested on three occasions, at 18 months, 24 months and 30 months for evaluation of volume, dry mass and the energy attributes energy productivity, accumulation of ash, lignin and extractives in wood and XII nutrient export. Based on the case study of the company's operating costs for the production of briquettes, economic indicators were simulated net present value, benefit cost ratio and average cost of production. The largest production volume of wood with bark occurred at 30 months, spaced 2.8x0.5 m and 2.8x1.0 m, whereas this age the estimated average was 167 m³/ha. With respect to dry mass, averaging 70 and 90 t/ha were found in denser spacing and greater application of fertilizer. The productivity was higher in energy narrower spacing plant, 2.8x0.5 m and 2.8x1.0 m, especially when obtained at 30 months in the case of trees planting between 0.5 m of space reached average 40 tep/ha. Already compounds lignin, extractives and ash were found in greater accumulation in trees harvested wider spacing, and the ash content of around 1% due to the presence of bark in the sample...
The growing demand for renewable energy resources has driven the development of forest plantations with greater efficiency in the production of quality wood for this purpose, but with economic viability and sustainability with minimal damage to the sites of production, factors that objected and justified the present work. The experiment was installed in 2008 on a farm in which it produces wood briquettes, the spacing of 2.8x0.5 m, 2.8x1.0 m, 2.8x1.5 m, 2.8x2.0 m and 2.8x2.5 m, with three levels of fertilization. The application of fertilizers was NPK 30-6 at planting at doses of 70, 140 and 280 g/plant and the coverage was NPK 20-0-20 at doses of 25, 50 and 100 g/plant at 60 days, 35, 70 and 140 g/plant at 140 days and 50, 100 and 200 g/plant at 360 days after planting. Sample trees were harvested on three occasions, at 18 months, 24 months and 30 months for evaluation of volume, dry mass and the energy attributes energy productivity, accumulation of ash, lignin and extractives in wood and XII nutrient export. Based on the case study of the company's operating costs for the production of briquettes, economic indicators were simulated net present value, benefit cost ratio and average cost of production. The largest production volume of wood with bark occurred at 30 months, spaced 2.8x0.5 m and 2.8x1.0 m, whereas this age the estimated average was 167 m³/ha. With respect to dry mass, averaging 70 and 90 t/ha were found in denser spacing and greater application of fertilizer. The productivity was higher in energy narrower spacing plant, 2.8x0.5 m and 2.8x1.0 m, especially when obtained at 30 months in the case of trees planting between 0.5 m of space reached average 40 tep/ha. Already compounds lignin, extractives and ash were found in greater accumulation in trees harvested wider spacing, and the ash content of around 1% due to the presence of bark in the sample...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biomassa vegetal, Florestas, Energia - Fontes alternativas, Viabilidade economica, Plant biomass
Como citar
GARCIA, Éder Aparecido. Qualidade da madeira de eucalipto em função do espaçamento, da adubação e da idade conduzida no sistema de curta rotação. 2013. xii, 71 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2013.