Physical quality of an Oxisol after different periods of management systems
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Data
2013-12-01
Autores
Rossetti, Karina De Vares [UNESP]
Centurion, José Frederico [UNESP]
Sousa Neto, Eurico Lucas De
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
Os sistemas de manejo podem ocasionar a perda da qualidade do solo, em decorrência da retirada da cobertura vegetal e do excessivo uso da mecanização. A hipótese desta pesquisa foi que a estabilidade de agregados, a densidade do solo, a macro e a microporosidade do solo, o índice S e a condutividade hidraúlica saturada pudessem ser utilizados como indicadores de qualidade física do solo. Diante disso, objetivaram-se estudar os efeitos dos diferentes tempos e manejos nos atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho de textura média, cultivado por dois anos agrícolas, com soja e milho e determinar quais são as camadas mais susceptíveis a variações. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas (cinco tratamentos e quatro camadas), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos em 2008/09 foram: plantio direto por cinco anos (NTS5), plantio direto por sete anos (NTS7), plantio direto por nove anos (NTS9), preparo convencional (CTS) e área adjacente de mata nativa (NF). Os tratamentos estenderam-se para o ano de 2009/10, assim identificados: NTS6, NTS8, NTS10, CTS e NF; as camadas de solo estudadas foram: 0-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20; e 0,20-0,30 m. Os maiores valores do índice S foram observados no CTS nas camadas de 0-0,05 (0,106) e 0,05-0,10 m (0,099), no ano de 2008/09; e na de 0-0,05 m (0,066), em 2009/10. Esse fato pode estar associado ao revolvimento, resultando em elevadas macroporosidades do solo neste tratamento. Em contraposição, no NTS, verificou-se ocorrência de valores restritivos de macroporosidade em algumas camadas (abaixo de 0,10 m³ m-3). Constatou-se que a maior estabilidade de agregados assim como os maiores valores de condutividade hidraúlica saturada (Kθ) foram verificados na NF, em relação aos demais tratamentos; no ano de 2009/10, a Kθ na NF somente diferiu do NTS10. Pode-se afirmar com este estudo que apenas o uso do índice S não é recomendável como indicador absoluto de qualidade física do solo, mesmo tendo apresentado valores superiores a 0,035.
Management systems may lead to a loss of soil physical quality as a result of removal of the plant cover and excessive agricultural mechanization. The hypothesis of this study was that the soil aggregate stability, bulk density, macro- and microporosity, and the S index and saturated hydraulic conductivity may be used as indicators of the soil physical quality. The aim was to study the effects of different periods and managements on the physical attributes of a medium-textured Red Oxisol under soybean and corn for two growing seasons, and determine which layers are most susceptible to variations. A completely randomized experimental design was used with split plots (five treatments and four layers), with four replications. The treatments in 2008/09 consisted of: five years of no-tillage (NTS5), seven years of no-tillage (NTS7), nine years of no-tillage (NTS9), conventional tillage (CTS) and an adjacent area of native forest (NF). The treatments were extended for another year, identified in 2009/10 as: NTS6, NTS8, NTS10, CTS and NF. The soil layers 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m were sampled. The highest S index values were observed in the treatment CTS in the 0-0.05 m layer (0.106) and the 0.05-0.10 m layer (0.099) in 2008/09, and in the 0-0.05 m layer (0.066) in 2009/10. This fact may be associated with soil turnover, resulting in high macroporosity in this treatment. In contrast, in the NTS, limiting macroporosity values were observed in some layers (below 0.10 m³ m-3). Highest aggregate stability as well as the highest saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kθ) values were observed in NF in relation to the other treatments. In 2009/10, the Kθ in NF differed only from NTS10. This study showed that the use of the S index alone cannot be recommended as an absolute indicator of the soil physical quality, even at values greater than 0.035.
Management systems may lead to a loss of soil physical quality as a result of removal of the plant cover and excessive agricultural mechanization. The hypothesis of this study was that the soil aggregate stability, bulk density, macro- and microporosity, and the S index and saturated hydraulic conductivity may be used as indicators of the soil physical quality. The aim was to study the effects of different periods and managements on the physical attributes of a medium-textured Red Oxisol under soybean and corn for two growing seasons, and determine which layers are most susceptible to variations. A completely randomized experimental design was used with split plots (five treatments and four layers), with four replications. The treatments in 2008/09 consisted of: five years of no-tillage (NTS5), seven years of no-tillage (NTS7), nine years of no-tillage (NTS9), conventional tillage (CTS) and an adjacent area of native forest (NF). The treatments were extended for another year, identified in 2009/10 as: NTS6, NTS8, NTS10, CTS and NF. The soil layers 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m were sampled. The highest S index values were observed in the treatment CTS in the 0-0.05 m layer (0.106) and the 0.05-0.10 m layer (0.099) in 2008/09, and in the 0-0.05 m layer (0.066) in 2009/10. This fact may be associated with soil turnover, resulting in high macroporosity in this treatment. In contrast, in the NTS, limiting macroporosity values were observed in some layers (below 0.10 m³ m-3). Highest aggregate stability as well as the highest saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kθ) values were observed in NF in relation to the other treatments. In 2009/10, the Kθ in NF differed only from NTS10. This study showed that the use of the S index alone cannot be recommended as an absolute indicator of the soil physical quality, even at values greater than 0.035.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
aggregation, Index S, saturated hydraulic conductivity, agregação, Índice S, condutividade hidraúlica saturada
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 37, n. 6, p. 1522-1534, 2013.