Organização das comunidades infestantes de plantas daninhas na cultura da cana-de-açúcar em agrupamentos-padrão
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Data
2011-06-01
Autores
Ferreira, R.V. [UNESP]
Contato, E.D.
Kuva, M.A.
Ferraudo, A.S. [UNESP]
Alves, P.L.C.A. [UNESP]
Magario, F.B. [UNESP]
Salgado, T.P.
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a possibilidade de agrupar talhões de cana-de-açúcar colhida mecanicamente e sem queima prévia da palha na região de Ribeirão Preto-SP, de acordo com o potencial de infestação de plantas daninhas, por meio de análise de agrupamento por método hierárquico e outras técnicas de análise multivariada, utilizando como variável o índice de infestação relativa atribuído por avaliações visuais, em duas etapas. A primeira contemplou 20 talhões de cana-planta com ciclo de 18 meses; essas áreas foram utilizadas para comparação de dois métodos de estimativa da composição específica da flora daninha: análise fitossociológica e por meio da porcentagem visual de cobertura geral (CG) e específica (CE). A segunda etapa consistiu no levantamento da composição específica da comunidade de plantas daninhas em 189 talhões, em áreas de cana-soca colhidas durante a safra de 2008, incluindo nesses talhões apenas CG e CE. Com as informações sobre os levantamentos da comunidade infestante foi construído um banco de dados, posteriormente submetido a análises exploratórias por técnicas de estatística multivariada. Para as principais espécies dentro dos talhões, que foram DIGNU, ARACH, IPOHF, MRRCI e IPOQU, seguidas de CYPRO, ELEIN e EPHHS, foram verificados 75% de coincidências de resultados entre os dois métodos de avaliação. Também notou-se que as avaliações visuais de porcentagem de cobertura das espécies podem substituir, para fins de praticidade, agilidade e aplicabilidade, as avaliações fitossociológicas, uma vez que proporcionaram boa capacidade de detecção das principais plantas daninhas dentro de cada talhão. As técnicas de estatística multivariada demonstraram que os talhões podem ser agrupados de acordo com semelhanças na intensidade da infestação e na composição específica.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of grouping stands of sugarcane harvested mechanically, and without previous straw burning in the region of Ribeirão Preto-SP, according to the potential of weed infestation. Clustering analysis and other multivariate analysis techniques were applied, using as variable the relative rate of infestation assigned by visual assessments, in two phases: in the first, twenty sugarcane plots with an 18-month cycle were selected. These areas were used to compare two methods to estimate the specific composition of the weeds, namely, a phytosociological analysis, described by Mueller-Dombois & Ellenberg (1974) and an analysis of the visual percentage of general coverage (GC) and specific coverage (SC). In the second phase, the specific composition of the weed community was evaluated in 189 plots in areas of ratoon sugarcane harvested in 2008, attributing to these plots only GC and SC. Based on the information obtained on the weed community, a database was built, and subjected to exploratory analysis of multivariate statistical techniques. For the main species within the stands (DIGNU, ARACH, IPOHF, MRRCI and IPOQU, followed by CYPRO, ELEIN and EPHHS), 75% of coinciding results were verified between the two methods. It was found that the visual assessments of species coverage percentage may substitute, for purposes of convenience, flexibility and applicability, the phytosociological evaluations, as these assessments provided good detection capability of the main weeds in each stand. The techniques of multivariate statistics showed that the plots can be grouped according to similarities in infestation intensity and species composition.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of grouping stands of sugarcane harvested mechanically, and without previous straw burning in the region of Ribeirão Preto-SP, according to the potential of weed infestation. Clustering analysis and other multivariate analysis techniques were applied, using as variable the relative rate of infestation assigned by visual assessments, in two phases: in the first, twenty sugarcane plots with an 18-month cycle were selected. These areas were used to compare two methods to estimate the specific composition of the weeds, namely, a phytosociological analysis, described by Mueller-Dombois & Ellenberg (1974) and an analysis of the visual percentage of general coverage (GC) and specific coverage (SC). In the second phase, the specific composition of the weed community was evaluated in 189 plots in areas of ratoon sugarcane harvested in 2008, attributing to these plots only GC and SC. Based on the information obtained on the weed community, a database was built, and subjected to exploratory analysis of multivariate statistical techniques. For the main species within the stands (DIGNU, ARACH, IPOHF, MRRCI and IPOQU, followed by CYPRO, ELEIN and EPHHS), 75% of coinciding results were verified between the two methods. It was found that the visual assessments of species coverage percentage may substitute, for purposes of convenience, flexibility and applicability, the phytosociological evaluations, as these assessments provided good detection capability of the main weeds in each stand. The techniques of multivariate statistics showed that the plots can be grouped according to similarities in infestation intensity and species composition.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Multivariate analysis, Sugarcane ratoon, phytosociological study, weed survey, Saccharum spp., Análise multivariada, Cana crua, Fitossociologia, matologia, Saccharum spp.
Como citar
Planta Daninha. Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas , v. 29, n. 2, p. 363-371, 2011.