Viabilidade agroeconômica do consórcio de couve com espinafre 'Nova Zelândia'
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Data
2015-12-21
Autores
Bianco, Matheus Saraiva [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O cultivo consorciado de hortaliças é um sistema de produção alternativo à monocultura, e quando manejado adequadamente pode incrementar o lucro da atividade agrícola e diminuir impactos ambientais. Foi realizado um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de épocas de transplante do espinafre em consórcio com a couve, sobre a produtividade das culturas e o índice de eficiência do uso da área (EUA). O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com 17 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram da combinação dos fatores: sistema de cultivo (consórcio e monocultura) e épocas de transplante do espinafre (0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 e 98 dias após o transplante (DAT)) em relação à couve. Foram utilizadas as cultivares ‘Top Bunch’ (couve) e ‘Nova Zelândia’ (espinafre). As produtividades totais (PT) e por colheita (PC) da couve em monocultura não diferiram das obtidas em consórcio, independente da época de transplante do espinafre. A PT do espinafre foi influenciada pela época de transplante, sendo maior quanto mais cedo foi o transplante. A PC do espinafre somente foi influenciada pelo sistema de cultivo, sendo que em cultivo solteiro a PC foi cerca de 27% maior do que em cultivo consorciado. O índice de eficiência do uso da área não foi influenciado pela época de transplante, e teve valor médio de 1,71, indicando a viabilidade do consórcio. Os índices Coeficiente de Competitividade, Agressividade, Perda de Produtividade e Vantagem do Consórcio mostraram que, independente da época em que o espinafre for transplantado, a couve é a espécie dominadora e espinafre a dominada. O custo operacional total de um hectare do consórcio de couve e espinafre ‘Nova Zelândia’ é de R$ 13.049,23, enquanto um hectare de couve e do espinafre ‘Nova Zelândia’, em monoculturas, são de R$ 12.797,22 e R$ 10.418,90, respectivamente.
The intercropping of vegetables is an alternative production system to monoculture, and when handled properly can increase the income of agricultural activity and reduce environmental impacts. An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of spinach transplant times in consortium with kale on crop productivity and the area use efficiency index (USA). The design was a randomized block with 17 treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of a combination of factors: cropping system (intercropping and monoculture) and Spinach transplant times (0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 and 98 days after transplanting (DAT)) relative to kale. The cultivars 'Top Bunch' (kale) and 'New Zealand' (spinach) were used. The total productivity (TP) and productivity per harvest (PH) of kale in monoculture did not differ from those obtained in consortium, regardless of spinach transplant time. The spinach PT was influenced by the time of transplant, the higher the transplante. The Spinach PH was only influenced by the cropping system, and PH was about 27% higher monoculture than in intercropping. The area use efficiency index was not affected by the time of transplant, and had average value of 1.71, indicating the consortium’s viability. The Coefficient Competitiveness, Aggressiveness, Productivity Loss and Consortium Advantage showed that, regardless of the time when the spinach is transplanted, kale is the dominant species and the spinach dominated. The total operating cost of one hectare of kale and 'New Zealand' spinach consortium is R$ 13,049.23, while one hectare of kale and 'New Zealand' spinach in monoculture cost R$ 12,797.22 and R$ 10,418.90, respectively.
The intercropping of vegetables is an alternative production system to monoculture, and when handled properly can increase the income of agricultural activity and reduce environmental impacts. An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of spinach transplant times in consortium with kale on crop productivity and the area use efficiency index (USA). The design was a randomized block with 17 treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of a combination of factors: cropping system (intercropping and monoculture) and Spinach transplant times (0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 and 98 days after transplanting (DAT)) relative to kale. The cultivars 'Top Bunch' (kale) and 'New Zealand' (spinach) were used. The total productivity (TP) and productivity per harvest (PH) of kale in monoculture did not differ from those obtained in consortium, regardless of spinach transplant time. The spinach PT was influenced by the time of transplant, the higher the transplante. The Spinach PH was only influenced by the cropping system, and PH was about 27% higher monoculture than in intercropping. The area use efficiency index was not affected by the time of transplant, and had average value of 1.71, indicating the consortium’s viability. The Coefficient Competitiveness, Aggressiveness, Productivity Loss and Consortium Advantage showed that, regardless of the time when the spinach is transplanted, kale is the dominant species and the spinach dominated. The total operating cost of one hectare of kale and 'New Zealand' spinach consortium is R$ 13,049.23, while one hectare of kale and 'New Zealand' spinach in monoculture cost R$ 12,797.22 and R$ 10,418.90, respectively.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tetragonia expansa, Brassica oleracea var. acephala, Épocas de transplante, Sistemas de cultivo, Tetragonia expansa, Brassica oleracea var. acephala, Cropping systems, Transplant time