Uso do amido resistente na promoção da saúde intestinal de cães idosos: formação de produtos de fermentação e características histológicas da mucosa intestinal
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Data
2015-12-17
Autores
Peixoto, Mayara Corrêa [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento da expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia tem estimulado as pesquisas em nutrição para cães e gatos seguir a tendência da nutrição humana, que visa estudar intervenções que proporcionem melhor qualidade de vida e favoreçam a saúde como um todo, retardando ou até mesmo minimizando o aparecimento de doenças relacionadas ao envelhecimento. Cães idosos apresentam inflamação de baixo grau na mucosa do trato gastrointestinal, evidenciada por enterites e colites discretas a moderadas. O consumo de dieta contendo carboidratos fermentáveis, como o amido resistente (AR) pode amenizar essas alterações provocadas pela idade. O fornecimento de substrato fermentável para a microbiota intestinal, com correspondente produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, em especial o butirato favorece melhor suporte nutricional à mucosa, influenciando sua estrutura e função, com potenciais benefícios à saúde e diminuição de inflamação. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos do consumo de amido resistente (AR) em cães idosos sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produtos de fermentação, IgA fecal e as características histológicas da mucosa intestinal. Uma mesma formulação foi processada de dois modos diferentes, originando ração com baixo (0,21%) e elevado (1,46%) teor de AR. Os resultados de consumo, digestibilidade, produtos de fermentação e IgA foram avaliados pela função GLM do SAS, considerando esquema fatorial 2x2, com dois tempos e dois tratamentos. Os dados de morfometria das criptas do intestino grosso foram analisados pelo teste T-pareado. Os resultados histológicos das biopsias intestinais foram avaliados por estatística não paramétrica, utilizando-se o teste de Wilcoxon para dados pareados (P<0,05). A digestibilidade da proteína (P=0,002) e do extrato etéreo (<0,001) foi maior na dieta com menos AR. Quando alimentados com a ração com mais AR, as fezes dos cães apresentaram menor pH, maiores teores de propionato, butirato, ácidos graxos voláteis totais e lactato (P<0,05). À análise histológica, não foi verificado diferença significativa em nenhum parâmetro analisado quando comparado os valores obtidos no período final de consumo da ração baixo AR e elevado AR. À análise morfométrica, foi observada tendência ao aumento do tamanho das criptas do cólon descendente dos cães que consumiram a ração com elevado AR (P=0,083). No presente estudo, mesmo apresentando efeitos sobre os produtos de fermentação bacterianos e pH fecal, não houve alterações benéficas significativas na mucosa gastrointestinal, que demonstram ser necessários mais estudos sobre o assunto em cães.
The increase in life expectancy of pets has stimulated researchs in dogs and cats nutrition that follow the tendency of human nutrition ones, aim and to study interventions that can improve quality of life and promote health, slowing or even minimizing the onset of diseases related to the aging process. Elderly dogs present low degree of inflammation in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, evidenced by discrete to moderate enteritis and colitis. The consumption of diet containing fermentable carbohydrates such as resistant starch (RS) can reduce these changes caused by age. The supply of fermentable substrate for the intestinal microbiota, stimulates short chain fatty acids production, specially butyrate, that favors a better nutritional support to the mucosa influencing its structure and function with potential health benefits and reduction of inflammation. This study evaluated the effects of resistant starch (RS) consumption on nutrient digestibility, fecal concentration of fermentation products, histologic and morphometric characteristics of the intestinal mucosa of elderly dogs. A basal diet was processed in two different extrusion conditions to obtain two treatments: diet with low (0.21%) and high (1.46%) RS content. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, fermentation products and fecal IgA were performed by GLM procedure of SAS considering a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments, two times and two treatments. Morphometric characteristics from large intestine were evaluated by T-paired test. Histological evaluation of intestinal biopsy were assessed by non-parametric statistic using Wilcoxon test for paired data (P<0.05). Protein (P=0.002) and fat (P<0.001) digestibility were higher for diet with low RS. Dogs receiving high-RS diet had lower fecal pH and higher concentration of values for propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acid and lactate (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in either parameter analyzed the histological analysis compared the values obtained in the final period feed consumption of low and high AR. According to the morphometric evaluation there was increase in the crypt size in descending colon of dogs receiving high-RS diet (P=0.083). Even with effects on bacteria fermentation products and fecal pH, there were no significant beneficial changes on gastrointestinal mucosa, that suggests that more studies on this issue are required.
The increase in life expectancy of pets has stimulated researchs in dogs and cats nutrition that follow the tendency of human nutrition ones, aim and to study interventions that can improve quality of life and promote health, slowing or even minimizing the onset of diseases related to the aging process. Elderly dogs present low degree of inflammation in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, evidenced by discrete to moderate enteritis and colitis. The consumption of diet containing fermentable carbohydrates such as resistant starch (RS) can reduce these changes caused by age. The supply of fermentable substrate for the intestinal microbiota, stimulates short chain fatty acids production, specially butyrate, that favors a better nutritional support to the mucosa influencing its structure and function with potential health benefits and reduction of inflammation. This study evaluated the effects of resistant starch (RS) consumption on nutrient digestibility, fecal concentration of fermentation products, histologic and morphometric characteristics of the intestinal mucosa of elderly dogs. A basal diet was processed in two different extrusion conditions to obtain two treatments: diet with low (0.21%) and high (1.46%) RS content. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, fermentation products and fecal IgA were performed by GLM procedure of SAS considering a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments, two times and two treatments. Morphometric characteristics from large intestine were evaluated by T-paired test. Histological evaluation of intestinal biopsy were assessed by non-parametric statistic using Wilcoxon test for paired data (P<0.05). Protein (P=0.002) and fat (P<0.001) digestibility were higher for diet with low RS. Dogs receiving high-RS diet had lower fecal pH and higher concentration of values for propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acid and lactate (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in either parameter analyzed the histological analysis compared the values obtained in the final period feed consumption of low and high AR. According to the morphometric evaluation there was increase in the crypt size in descending colon of dogs receiving high-RS diet (P=0.083). Even with effects on bacteria fermentation products and fecal pH, there were no significant beneficial changes on gastrointestinal mucosa, that suggests that more studies on this issue are required.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Butirato, Colonócito, Inflamação, Inflammageing, Butyrate, Colonocytes, Inflammation, Inflammageing