Efeito do manejo pré-abate de bovinos no bem–estar e qualidade da carcaça
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Data
2016-01-15
Autores
Tseimazides, Stavros Platon [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo nesse estudo foi identificar, dentre várias boas práticas recomendadas para as plantas frigoríficas, quais causam efeitos positivos ou negativos em questões comportamentais dos animais e medidas de qualidade de carcaça. Como objetivos específicos buscamos: 1) Verificar a eficácia da utilização de substratos no piso dos currais; 2) encontrar o parâmetro para cálculo do melhor espaçamento dentro dos currais do frigorífico. Para atendimento do objetivo 1 foi realizado experimento em um frigorífico no interior paulista durante 11 dias, isolando a maior quantidade de fontes de variações, a fim de testar a diferença no comportamento dos animais e na qualidade da carcaça dos bovinos abatidos quando utilizados 3 tipos diferentes de pisos (bagaço de cana, borracha ou concreto). No tratamento em que animais possuíam piso coberto por bagaço de cana, o ato de deitar foi mais frequente do que os tratamentos onde foram utilizados os outros dois tipos de piso; porém, essa maior frequência do comportamento não foi suficiente para propiciar uma diferença significativa na quantidade de hematomas presentes nas carcaças e para alterar o pH final das carcaças. A desvantagem para a utilização do bagaço ocorreu quando se avaliou frequência de brigas e montas, além da quantidade de água e tempo necessários para limpeza dos currais, aumentando assim problemas relacionados à sustentabilidade, bem como elevando os custos de abate dos bovinos. Para estudar o melhor espaçamento nos currais dos frigoríficos (objetivo 2), durante 26 dias de abate, foram registrados peso vivo médio dos animais que foram colocados em cada curral do frigorífico, quantidade de animais e espaçamento disponível em cada curral para cada animal. A quantidade de hematomas nas carcaças e pH após 24h de resfriamento das mesmas também foram registrados. Esses dados foram utilizados para determinar a equação capaz de predizer o melhor espaçamento para os animais nos currais dos frigoríficos. Encontramos baixas correlações entre densidade e os parâmetros avaliados, bem como valores baixos de R2 para as equações de regressão, levando a concluir que a densidade de animais nos currais dos frigoríficos que possuem programa de bem-estar animal implementado, não é um importante fator a ser considerado, uma vez que ele não interfere no aparecimento de hematomas nas carcaças e nem alteram o valor de pH significativamente. Durante o período que os animais permanecem nos currais dos frigoríficos é muito importante garantir que os animais tenham espaço suficiente para levantarem, deitarem e se movimentarem. Baseado nos resultados desses estudos foi possível concluir que as legislações vigentes no país, referentes a tipo de piso e densidade dos currais de abate dos frigoríficos, contemplam as necessidades dos animais.
The main objective was to indentify, among many good practices recommended at slaughterhouses, which one can cause positive or negative effects over animal behaviour and carcass quality. As a specific aim we evaluated: 1) The efficiency of using bedding in the lairage for animals that stay overnight; 2) The parameter to calculate the best stocking density in the lairage. To achieve the first objective, an experiment was run in a slaughterhouse in the countryside of São Paulo, Brazil, during eleven days. All possible factors of variations were minimized to be possible to test the difference of behaviour and parameters of carcass quality of beef cattle, using three different types of flooring (sugarcane residue, rubber matting and concrete). It was found that animals that had sugarcane residue as bedding overnight showed more lying behaviour than the ones that had rubber matting or concrete flooring available. The bigger time lying was not sufficient to affect carcass parameters. In the other hand, the corrals that were covered by sugarcane residue presented more agonistics behavior like fighting and mounting and wasted much more time and water to clean up, increasing sustainability problems as well as increasing cost of production. When studying stocking density in the lairage (objective 2), records were made during 26 days of slaughter, appointing the average live weight of animals that were lairaged in each pen, number of animals and space available for each animal. The number of bruises in the carcasses was also measured, as well as ultimate pH after 24 hours of chilling (pHu). Those measurements were used to determine the equation able to predict the best space for the animals lairaged. Low correlations were found between density and those parameters, as well as low values for R2 for the regression equation, which made it possible to conclude that stocking density at the slaughterhouse that have animal welfare procedures in place, is not a very important parameter to consider, since it does not influence on the appearing of bruises nor influence the pHu. It is very important to guarantee that animals have minimum space to stand up, lie down and move around. Based on these findings, it is possible to conclude that the current legislations in Brazil for humane handling, prior to slaughter, about flooring and stocking density guarantee animal’s needs.
The main objective was to indentify, among many good practices recommended at slaughterhouses, which one can cause positive or negative effects over animal behaviour and carcass quality. As a specific aim we evaluated: 1) The efficiency of using bedding in the lairage for animals that stay overnight; 2) The parameter to calculate the best stocking density in the lairage. To achieve the first objective, an experiment was run in a slaughterhouse in the countryside of São Paulo, Brazil, during eleven days. All possible factors of variations were minimized to be possible to test the difference of behaviour and parameters of carcass quality of beef cattle, using three different types of flooring (sugarcane residue, rubber matting and concrete). It was found that animals that had sugarcane residue as bedding overnight showed more lying behaviour than the ones that had rubber matting or concrete flooring available. The bigger time lying was not sufficient to affect carcass parameters. In the other hand, the corrals that were covered by sugarcane residue presented more agonistics behavior like fighting and mounting and wasted much more time and water to clean up, increasing sustainability problems as well as increasing cost of production. When studying stocking density in the lairage (objective 2), records were made during 26 days of slaughter, appointing the average live weight of animals that were lairaged in each pen, number of animals and space available for each animal. The number of bruises in the carcasses was also measured, as well as ultimate pH after 24 hours of chilling (pHu). Those measurements were used to determine the equation able to predict the best space for the animals lairaged. Low correlations were found between density and those parameters, as well as low values for R2 for the regression equation, which made it possible to conclude that stocking density at the slaughterhouse that have animal welfare procedures in place, is not a very important parameter to consider, since it does not influence on the appearing of bruises nor influence the pHu. It is very important to guarantee that animals have minimum space to stand up, lie down and move around. Based on these findings, it is possible to conclude that the current legislations in Brazil for humane handling, prior to slaughter, about flooring and stocking density guarantee animal’s needs.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Comportamento bovino, Cattle behaviour, Consumo de água, Densidade de estocagem, Frigorífico, Substrato para piso, Water consumption, Stocking density, Slaughterhouse, Bedding