Tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura em reatores anaeróbios horizontais de alta taxa seguidos de filtro biológico percolador
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Data
2015-12-17
Autores
Silva, Daiana Camila da [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A atividade suinícola se intensificou nas últimas décadas, o que proporcionou o aumento na produção de águas residuárias. Os reatores anaeróbios horizontais, em série, seguidos de filtro biológico percolador são uma nova proposta para o tratamento dessas águas residuárias, com vantagens, como a produção de biogás e o efluente final com menor poder poluente. Neste trabalho foi avaliado um sistema anaeróbio composto por um reator anaeróbio horizontal com manta de lodo (RAHML – R1), e três reatores anaeróbios horizontais com leito fixo, utilizando anéis de eletroduto corrugado (RAHLF – R2, R3 e R4) instalados em série, para o tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura. Também foi realizado o pós-tratamento do efluente anaeróbio em um filtro biológico percolador seguido de um sedimentador. Os tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH) aplicados no sistema anaeróbio (R1+R2+R3+R4) foram de 65; 48,4 e 16,1 h e as cargas orgânicas volumétricas (COV) aplicadas no R1 foram similares estatisticamente, com valores médios de 16,2; 19,8 e 15,1g DQO (L d)-1, nos ensaios 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. As maiores remoções de demanda química de oxigênio total (DQOtotal), e produções volumétricas de metano de até 63% e de 0,730 m3 CH4 (m3 reator d)-1, ocorreram no R1, onde também foram observados os maiores tempos de retenção de sólidos (TRS), de até 49 dias. Embora os reatores R2, R3 e R4 tenham apresentado menores eficiências, contribuíram para a produção volumétrica de metano e para a estabilidade na remoção de material orgânico do sistema estudado, principalmente com a aplicação TDH maiores. Com a realização da hidrodinâmica no final do ensaio 2, utilizando o método estímulo resposta em pulso, verificou-se que os reatores anaeróbios horizontais R2, R3 e R4 possuem regime de escoamento com características de reatores de mistura completa e o R1 com características de escoamento pistonado. Com a inclusão do pós-tratamento, obteve-se remoções de até 90, 96, 64, 86, 68, 64, 77, 76 e 99,5% para a DQO total, sólidos suspensos totais (SST), nitrogênio kjedahl (NK), fósforo total (P-total), Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe, coliformes termotolerantes, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos indicam que essa nova configuração de reatores anaeróbios e pós-tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura são promissores e devem ser investigados.
The swine activity has intensified in the last decades which resulted in the increased production of wastewater. The horizontal anaerobic reactors in series, followed by biological trickling filter are a new proposal in the treatment of these wastewaters and presents advantages such as biogas production and the final effluent with power pollutant reduced. This study evaluated an anaerobic system formed by a horizontal anaerobic sludge blanket (RAHML - R1), and three horizontal anaerobic reactors with fixed bed utilizing as material support rings of corrugated conduit (RAHLF - R2, R3 and R4) installed in series, for the treatment of wastewater swine. Was also performed post-treatment of anaerobic effluent in a biological trickling filter followed by a settler. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) applied in the anaerobic system (R1 + R2 + R3 + R4) were 65; 48.4 and 16.1 h and the organic loading rate (OLR) applied in R1 were statistically similar, with mean values of 16.2; 19.8 and 15.1 g COD (L d) -1, in trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The highest removals of total chemical oxygen demand (totalCOD), and volumetric methane productions of up to 63% and 0.730 m3 CH4 (m3 reactor d)-1, and occurred in R1, which were also observed the largest solid retention times (SRT) of up to 49 days. Although the R2 reactors, R3 and R4 presented lower efficiencies, but they contributed to the volumetric production of methane and to stability in the removal of organic matter in the studied system, especially with the largest application HDT. With the realization of the hydrodynamic at end of test 2 for answers stimulation pulse method, was possible to observe that the horizontal anaerobic reactors R2, R3 and R4 are flow regime with complete mixing reactor characteristics and R1 with plug flow characteristics. With the inclusion of post-treatment system, there were removals up to 90, 96, 64, 86, 68, 64, 77, 76 and 99.5% for total COD, total suspended solids (SST), Kjeldahl nitrogen (NK), total phosphorus (P-total), Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe, fecal coliforms, respectively. The results indicate that this new configuration of anaerobic reactors and post-treatment of swine wastewater are promising and should be investigated.
The swine activity has intensified in the last decades which resulted in the increased production of wastewater. The horizontal anaerobic reactors in series, followed by biological trickling filter are a new proposal in the treatment of these wastewaters and presents advantages such as biogas production and the final effluent with power pollutant reduced. This study evaluated an anaerobic system formed by a horizontal anaerobic sludge blanket (RAHML - R1), and three horizontal anaerobic reactors with fixed bed utilizing as material support rings of corrugated conduit (RAHLF - R2, R3 and R4) installed in series, for the treatment of wastewater swine. Was also performed post-treatment of anaerobic effluent in a biological trickling filter followed by a settler. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) applied in the anaerobic system (R1 + R2 + R3 + R4) were 65; 48.4 and 16.1 h and the organic loading rate (OLR) applied in R1 were statistically similar, with mean values of 16.2; 19.8 and 15.1 g COD (L d) -1, in trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The highest removals of total chemical oxygen demand (totalCOD), and volumetric methane productions of up to 63% and 0.730 m3 CH4 (m3 reactor d)-1, and occurred in R1, which were also observed the largest solid retention times (SRT) of up to 49 days. Although the R2 reactors, R3 and R4 presented lower efficiencies, but they contributed to the volumetric production of methane and to stability in the removal of organic matter in the studied system, especially with the largest application HDT. With the realization of the hydrodynamic at end of test 2 for answers stimulation pulse method, was possible to observe that the horizontal anaerobic reactors R2, R3 and R4 are flow regime with complete mixing reactor characteristics and R1 with plug flow characteristics. With the inclusion of post-treatment system, there were removals up to 90, 96, 64, 86, 68, 64, 77, 76 and 99.5% for total COD, total suspended solids (SST), Kjeldahl nitrogen (NK), total phosphorus (P-total), Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe, fecal coliforms, respectively. The results indicate that this new configuration of anaerobic reactors and post-treatment of swine wastewater are promising and should be investigated.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Arquéias metanogênicas, Dejetos de suínos, Digestão anaeróbia, Hidrodinâmica dos reatores horizontais, Produção metano, Remoção de DQO, Methanogenic archaea, Swine waste, Anaerobic digestion, Hydrodynamics of horizontal reactors, Methane production, COD removal