Identificação e caracterização de metagenomas e isolados bacterianos visando a biorremediação de solos de áreas de mineração
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Data
2016-01-29
Autores
Lopes, Erica Mendes [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os impactos ambientais causados por sucessivas extrações de minérios e compostos gerados dos resíduos tóxicos dessa atividade têm sido foco de preocupação dos ambientalistas, neste contexto há um grande esforço gerado para o desenvolvimento de metodologias eficientes e de baixo custo para remoção de metais pesados de solos e águas contaminadas. Os métodos biológicos surgem como uma alternativa aos métodos convencionais para o solo, um dos ecossistemas terrestre que apresentam uma infinidade de recursos naturais além da grande diversidade de microrganismos interagindo entre si. O mesmo constitui fonte de investimento para o isolamento de microrganismos e análises metagenômicas para prospecção de genes envolvidos em processos importantes para o equilíbrio metabólico e ecológico, pois, tanto de maneira isolada, como em interações, estes organismos desempenham papel importante no que diz respeito à produção de enzimas na biorremoção de metais e contaminantes do solo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo isolar, caracterizar e avaliar a biossorção e bioacumulação de metais por microrganismos originados de solos de ecossistemas de Sabará, uma região de mineradora desativada Minas Gerais. Adicionalmente buscou-se avaliar a diversidade metabólica funcional, para uma comparação da microbiota de, Sabará e Brumadinho, combinada com busca de genes que conferem resistência a cromo (crhA), cobre (copA, copB, cueO) e níquel (nixA). Os isolados obtidos foram classificados em gêneros como Burkolderia, Serratia, Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas e Artrobacter, que apresentam potencial para biorremediação de metais do solo e água. Entretanto, seis dos 32 isolados apresentaram resistência aos metais cobre, cromo e níquel, na concentração de 500 mgL-1. Destes isolados, dois deles, do gênero Burkolderia e Arthrobacter (CP15 e CR11) apresentaram capacidade metabólica de biossorver e interiorizar metais pesados em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento. Quanto a atividade metabólica, a comunidade microbiana dos solos do perímetro do quadrilátero ferrífero (MG) tem alta atividade na degradação de fontes de carbono importantes nos ciclos biogeoquímico e biorremediação, justificando a grande quantidade de ORFs encontradas nas anotações do metagenoma sequenciado. Destaca-se os ecossistemas canga e floresta que apresentaram maior número de sequências identificadas para todos os genes envolvidos no processo de resistência, influxo e efluxo de metais, sendo eles genes de resistência a cobre, multicooper oxidase ATPase (copA, copB, cueO), multicopper ATPase like (copA, copB), cromo oxidase (chrA), cromo transporte (chrB) e níquel oxidase (nixA). Os solos da região de Sabará e Brumadinho alocados no, quadrilátero ferrífero, apresentam diversidade funcional para degradação de fontes de carbono como aminoácidos e compostos fenólicos, e genes funcionais de grande importância em processos metabólicos de remoção de metais pesados por microrganismos, além de microbiota com capacidade remover e interiorizar metais oriundos dos resíduos de mineração sendo um indicativo para a aplicação na biorremediação de metais em áreas afetadas pela mineração.
The environmental impacts caused by successive extractions of minerals and compounds generated toxic waste of this activity have been the focus of concern for environmentalists in this context there is a great effort generated for the development of efficient methodologies and cost-effective to remove heavy metals from soils and contaminated water. Biological methods appear as an alternative to conventional methods for the ground of the earth's ecosystems have a multitude of natural resources beyond the great diversity of microorganisms interacting. The same is investment source for the isolation of microorganisms and metagenomic analyzes to search for genes involved in important processes for metabolic and ecological balance, since both in isolation, as in interactions, these organisms play an important role as regards the production of enzymes in biorremoção metal and soil contaminants. This study aimed to isolate, characterize and evaluate the biosorption and bioaccumulation of metals by microorganisms originating from Sabara ecosystems soil, a mining region of Minas Gerais disabled. In addition we sought to evaluate the functional metabolic diversity, for a comparison of the microbiota of Sabara and Brumadinho, combined with search of genes that confer resistance to chromium (CRHA), copper (copA, CopB, cueO) and nickel (Nixa). The isolates were classified into genres such as Burkolderia, Serratia, Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas and Artrobacter, which have the potential for bioremediation of metals from soil and water. However, six of the 32 isolates were resistant to metals copper, chromium and nickel, at a concentration of 500 mg L-1. Of these isolates, two of them, the genus Arthrobacter and Burkolderia (CP15 and CR11) had metabolic capacity to internalize biossorver and heavy metals at different stages of development. As metabolic activity, the microbial community of the perimeter of iron quadrangle soils (MG) has high activity in the degradation of important carbon sources in biogeochemical cycles and bioremediation, which explains the large amount of ORFs found in the notes of sequenced metagenome. the yoke ecosystems and forest that had a greater number of sequences identified for all the genes involved in the resistance process is noteworthy, influx and efflux of metals, and they copper resistance genes, multicooper oxidase ATPase (copA, copB, cueO) multicopper ATPase like (copA, CopB), chrome oxidase (chrA), chrome transport (chrB) and nickel oxidase (nixA). The soils of Sabara and Brumadinho region allocated to, iron quadrangle, have functional diversity for degradation carbon sources such as amino acids and phenolic compounds, and functional genes of great importance for metabolic processes of removing heavy metals by microorganisms, and microorganisms with ability to remove and internalize metals coming from the waste mining being an indication for use in the bioremediation of metals in areas affected by mining.
The environmental impacts caused by successive extractions of minerals and compounds generated toxic waste of this activity have been the focus of concern for environmentalists in this context there is a great effort generated for the development of efficient methodologies and cost-effective to remove heavy metals from soils and contaminated water. Biological methods appear as an alternative to conventional methods for the ground of the earth's ecosystems have a multitude of natural resources beyond the great diversity of microorganisms interacting. The same is investment source for the isolation of microorganisms and metagenomic analyzes to search for genes involved in important processes for metabolic and ecological balance, since both in isolation, as in interactions, these organisms play an important role as regards the production of enzymes in biorremoção metal and soil contaminants. This study aimed to isolate, characterize and evaluate the biosorption and bioaccumulation of metals by microorganisms originating from Sabara ecosystems soil, a mining region of Minas Gerais disabled. In addition we sought to evaluate the functional metabolic diversity, for a comparison of the microbiota of Sabara and Brumadinho, combined with search of genes that confer resistance to chromium (CRHA), copper (copA, CopB, cueO) and nickel (Nixa). The isolates were classified into genres such as Burkolderia, Serratia, Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas and Artrobacter, which have the potential for bioremediation of metals from soil and water. However, six of the 32 isolates were resistant to metals copper, chromium and nickel, at a concentration of 500 mg L-1. Of these isolates, two of them, the genus Arthrobacter and Burkolderia (CP15 and CR11) had metabolic capacity to internalize biossorver and heavy metals at different stages of development. As metabolic activity, the microbial community of the perimeter of iron quadrangle soils (MG) has high activity in the degradation of important carbon sources in biogeochemical cycles and bioremediation, which explains the large amount of ORFs found in the notes of sequenced metagenome. the yoke ecosystems and forest that had a greater number of sequences identified for all the genes involved in the resistance process is noteworthy, influx and efflux of metals, and they copper resistance genes, multicooper oxidase ATPase (copA, copB, cueO) multicopper ATPase like (copA, CopB), chrome oxidase (chrA), chrome transport (chrB) and nickel oxidase (nixA). The soils of Sabara and Brumadinho region allocated to, iron quadrangle, have functional diversity for degradation carbon sources such as amino acids and phenolic compounds, and functional genes of great importance for metabolic processes of removing heavy metals by microorganisms, and microorganisms with ability to remove and internalize metals coming from the waste mining being an indication for use in the bioremediation of metals in areas affected by mining.
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Palavras-chave
Biorremediação, Biorremoção, Genes de Resistência, Cobre, Cromo e Níquel, Bioremediation, Resistance genes, Copper, Chrome and nickel