O papel dos consumidores residencias no ambiente das redes inteligentes: medidores eletrônicos de energia
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Data
2015-12-17
Autores
Pereira, Luci Denise Martinolli Carvalho [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os processos crescentes de industrialização e urbanização das cidades levaram a inúmeros problemas ambientais. As preocupações com as mudanças climáticas são crescentes, a segurança do fornecimento de energia é imprescindível, a competitividade deste mercado, além da necessidade de integrar ações crescentes de energia renovável ao sistema, como também recursos energéticos dispersos. A rede inteligente ou smart grid representa uma das maiores revoluções em infraestrutura no setor de energia elétrica, surgindo como resposta a todos estes anseios. São tecnologias de informação, telecomunicações e técnicas em eletrônica aplicadas na automação e melhoria do setor, modificando a maneira que a eletricidade é gerada, entregue e utilizada. Muitos países estão nesta corrida para a implantação das redes inteligentes, no Brasil, projetos pilotos de redes inteligentes estão sendo implementados por todo o país. São características de um sistema de rede inteligente: condições de auto recuperação, alta qualidade de energia, operação mais eficiente, acomodação de todo tipo de geração e armazenamento de energia e motivar os consumidores a serem ativos. O sistema de eletricidade, dentro do conceito de redes inteligentes, permite o fluxo bidirecional de comunicação e de energia elétrica entre fornecedores e consumidores, transforma o usuário final em consumidor ativo, em outras palavras o papel do consumidor é o motor fundamental, portanto, entender o seu comportamento e reações, assim como motivá-lo e capacitá-lo para este papel é uma preocupação de governos e fornecedores de energia à procura de métodos inovadores para mudar a forma que a eletricidade é percebida. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma visão geral de redes inteligentes e a educação necessária ao consumidor de energia elétrica para assumir o seu papel dentro desta nova realidade. A teoria de aprendizagem da educação em que se baseou este trabalho é o sociointeracionismo de Vygotsky, que se baseia na construção do desenvolvimento cognitivo, a partir de experiências de aprendizagem que dependem do contexto social, da interação da pessoa com este e do seu comportamento, para este fim foi feita uma pesquisa-ação com consumidores de energia elétrica de um bairro de Aparecida – SP, com o objetivo de estudar o seu comportamento a respeito de economia de energia elétrica e a utilização do medidor eletrônico inteligente como forma de monitorar o consumo, para isto, foi realizada uma oficina e algumas visitas às residências destes consumidores. Tendo como resultado uma economia de mais de 20% em relação ao mesmo período do ano anterior à oficina, a pesquisa realizada permitiu perceber quais hábitos que foram modificados e quais não foram e os motivos pelos quais isto aconteceu, além de analisar o relacionamento da concessionária de energia elétrica com os consumidores.
The increasing industrialization and urbanization process of cities led to numerous environmental problems. The concerns over climate change are growing, the security of energy supply is crucial, the competitiveness of this market, besides the need to integrate increasing shares of renewable energy to the system, as well as dispersed energy resources. The smart grid is one of the biggest revolutions in the electricity infrastructure sector, emerging as answer to all these anxieties. They are information technology, telecommunication and electronic techniques applied in the automation and improvement of the sector by modifying the way electricity is generated, delivered and used. There are many countries in this race for the implementation of smart grids, in Brazil there are smart grid pilot projects being implemented across the country. As characteristics of a smart grid system we have: conditions of auto recovery, high quality energy, more efficient operation, accommodation of all types of generation and storage energy and motivate consumers to be active. The electricity system, considering the smart grid concepts, permits two-way flow of communication and energy between suppliers and consumers, it transforms the final user in an active consumer, in other words, the consumer's role is the key driver, therefore understanding their behavior and reactions, as well as motivate them and enable then for this role is a governmental and energy suppliers concern looking for innovative methods to change the way electricity is perceived. This work presents an overview of smart grids and the necessary education to electrical energy consumers to assume their role within this new reality. The education learning theory that was based this work is the Vygotsky social interactionism which is based on cognitive development construction, from learning experiences that depends on social context, the person's interaction with thes and their behavior, in order to do this was made an action reserch on electricity consumers in a neighborhood of Aparecida - SP, with the objective to study their behavior about saving electricity and the use of electronic smart meter to monitor consumption, for this, a workshop and a few visits to the consumers homes was conducted. Resulting in savings of over 20% compared to the same period last year before the workshop, the survey allowed to realize what habits has been modified and what were not and the reasons why this happened, in addition to analyze the relationship between the electricity concession and the consumers.
The increasing industrialization and urbanization process of cities led to numerous environmental problems. The concerns over climate change are growing, the security of energy supply is crucial, the competitiveness of this market, besides the need to integrate increasing shares of renewable energy to the system, as well as dispersed energy resources. The smart grid is one of the biggest revolutions in the electricity infrastructure sector, emerging as answer to all these anxieties. They are information technology, telecommunication and electronic techniques applied in the automation and improvement of the sector by modifying the way electricity is generated, delivered and used. There are many countries in this race for the implementation of smart grids, in Brazil there are smart grid pilot projects being implemented across the country. As characteristics of a smart grid system we have: conditions of auto recovery, high quality energy, more efficient operation, accommodation of all types of generation and storage energy and motivate consumers to be active. The electricity system, considering the smart grid concepts, permits two-way flow of communication and energy between suppliers and consumers, it transforms the final user in an active consumer, in other words, the consumer's role is the key driver, therefore understanding their behavior and reactions, as well as motivate them and enable then for this role is a governmental and energy suppliers concern looking for innovative methods to change the way electricity is perceived. This work presents an overview of smart grids and the necessary education to electrical energy consumers to assume their role within this new reality. The education learning theory that was based this work is the Vygotsky social interactionism which is based on cognitive development construction, from learning experiences that depends on social context, the person's interaction with thes and their behavior, in order to do this was made an action reserch on electricity consumers in a neighborhood of Aparecida - SP, with the objective to study their behavior about saving electricity and the use of electronic smart meter to monitor consumption, for this, a workshop and a few visits to the consumers homes was conducted. Resulting in savings of over 20% compared to the same period last year before the workshop, the survey allowed to realize what habits has been modified and what were not and the reasons why this happened, in addition to analyze the relationship between the electricity concession and the consumers.
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Palavras-chave
Rede inteligente, Educação, Aprendizagem, Medidor eletrônico inteligente, Smart grid, Education. Learning, Smart electronic meter