Fatores de risco associados às perdas quantitativas e econômicas ocorridas no manejo pré-abate de suínos
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Data
2016-02-03
Autores
Diesel, Taciana Aparecida [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esse trabalho avaliou a incidência de suínos NAI (non-ambulatory injured), NANI (non-ambulatory non-injured) e mortos no transporte e de condenações de carcaças suínas por fraturas, fraturas sacrais e hematomas; quantificou o impacto econômico causado por esses problemas e identificou os fatores responsáveis pela ocorrência deles em condições comerciais brasileiras. Foram avaliados 37.962 suínos oriundos de 60 granjas, transportados em 307 viagens, e destinados ao abate em três diferentes frigoríficos. Ao todo foram selecionadas 96 variáveis explicativas relacionadas ao ambiente, às instalações, ao manejo dos animais na granja, no embarque, no transporte, no desembarque e no período de descanso no frigorífico e à tipificação de carcaça. Os dados foram analisados por meio de modelos de regressão logística, utilizando-se o método stepwise para seleção dos fatores de risco e considerando o número de animais com problema em relação ao número de animais que foram embarcados em cada viagem. As perdas totais durante o transporte foram de 0,71% o que resultou na perda estimada de US$ 0,29 por animal abatido. A incidência de suínos NAI foi de 0,21%, e NANI de 0,37%. Das carcaças avaliadas, 0,83% foram totalmente condenadas e 3,71% foram parcialmente condenadas, sendo que as fraturas, fraturas sacrais e hematomas representaram, respectivamente, 0,47, 1,83 e 0,14%. Essas condenações representaram a perda média de 140 g de carcaça e US$ 0,25 por animal abatido. A inclinação, a largura e a localização do embarcadouro, a largura do corredor, o número de suínos, a densidade nas baias, a entalpia e o manejo no embarque, a temperatura, o tempo, a distância e a densidade no transporte, a espessura muscular e o peso médio de carcaça foram identificados como fatores de risco para as perdas no transporte ou para as condenações de carcaças. Portanto, alguns desses fatores estão sob o controle dos produtores e das agroindústrias e podem ser resolvidos com a aplicação de esforços conjuntos.
This study evaluated the incidence of NAI (non-ambulatory injured), NANI (non-ambulatory non-injured) and mortality on the pig transport and carcass condemnation by fractures, sacral fractures and bruise; quantified the economic impact of these problems and identified the factors leading to it in Brazilian commercial terms. We evaluated 37.962 pigs from 60 farms, transported in 307 trips and slaughtered at three different slaughterhouses. In all, were selected 96 explanatory variables linked to the environment, facilities and handling of animals on the farm, loading, transportation, unloading, the lairage period and carcass typification. Data were analyzed with logistic regression models, using the stepwise method for selection of risk factors and considering the number of animals with problem regarding the number of animals that were loaded on each trip. The total transport losses were 0.71%, resulting in an estimated loss of US$ 0.29 per pig slaughtered. The incidence of pigs NAI was 0.21%, while of NANI was 0.37%. In the total of carcasses assessed, 0.83% had total condemnation and 3.71% partial condemnation, the fractures, sacral fractures and bruises represented, respectively, 0.47, 1.83 and 0.14%. These condemnations represented an average loss in terms of 140 g carcass and US$ 0.25 per animal slaughtered. The slope, width and location of the ramp, the corridor width, the number of pigs and density at the pens, the enthalpy and handling at loading, the temperature, time, distance and density during transport, the muscle thickness and the carcass weight, were identified as risk factors for transport losses or carcass condemnations. Therefore, some of these factors are under the control of producers and agribusiness companies and could be solved with the application of joint efforts.
This study evaluated the incidence of NAI (non-ambulatory injured), NANI (non-ambulatory non-injured) and mortality on the pig transport and carcass condemnation by fractures, sacral fractures and bruise; quantified the economic impact of these problems and identified the factors leading to it in Brazilian commercial terms. We evaluated 37.962 pigs from 60 farms, transported in 307 trips and slaughtered at three different slaughterhouses. In all, were selected 96 explanatory variables linked to the environment, facilities and handling of animals on the farm, loading, transportation, unloading, the lairage period and carcass typification. Data were analyzed with logistic regression models, using the stepwise method for selection of risk factors and considering the number of animals with problem regarding the number of animals that were loaded on each trip. The total transport losses were 0.71%, resulting in an estimated loss of US$ 0.29 per pig slaughtered. The incidence of pigs NAI was 0.21%, while of NANI was 0.37%. In the total of carcasses assessed, 0.83% had total condemnation and 3.71% partial condemnation, the fractures, sacral fractures and bruises represented, respectively, 0.47, 1.83 and 0.14%. These condemnations represented an average loss in terms of 140 g carcass and US$ 0.25 per animal slaughtered. The slope, width and location of the ramp, the corridor width, the number of pigs and density at the pens, the enthalpy and handling at loading, the temperature, time, distance and density during transport, the muscle thickness and the carcass weight, were identified as risk factors for transport losses or carcass condemnations. Therefore, some of these factors are under the control of producers and agribusiness companies and could be solved with the application of joint efforts.
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Palavras-chave
Fraturas, Mortalidade, Suínos incapacitados, Transporte, Condenação de carcaças, Carcass condemnation, Fractures, Mortality, Non-ambulatory pigs, Transport