Incidência e determinantes de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em hospitais de pequeno porte nas divisões regionais de saúde de Araçatuba, Bauru e Botucatu
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Data
2016-02-22
Autores
Armede, Viviane Cristina Bastos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) são um problema de saúde pública de relevância global, e atingem com mais intensidade os países em desenvolvimento. No entanto, quase todas as informações disponíveis sobre incidência e preditores de IRAS procedem de estudos conduzidos em hospitais de ensino e/ou de grande porte. No Brasil, aproximadamente dois terços dos serviços hospitalares tem menos de 50 leitos, sendo classificados como hospitais de pequeno porte (HPP). Estes albergam intensa atividade cirúrgica e obstétrica, embora voltada a procedimentos de baixa complexidade. São portanto ambientes de risco para infecção do sítio cirúrgico (ISC). Nosso estudo foi delineado para abordar a incidência e os determinantes de ISC em pequenos hospitais. Analisamos uma coorte de pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos em três HPP localizados no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Cada cirurgia foi acompanhada presencialmente, sendo registrados dados dos pacientes e dos processos de trabalho. Ao mesmo tempo, foi aplicado checklist de indicadores de contaminação ambiental em centro cirúrgico. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram acompanhados por um mês com ligações telefônicas para diagnóstico de infecção do sítio cirúrgico (ISC). Modelos de regressão logística foram aplicados para identificar, separadamente, preditores de ISC e a associação de tópicos do checklist com o risco infeccioso em cirurgias. Foi identificada uma incidência agregada de ISC de 8.1% nos hospitais do estudo. Fatores preditores para ISC foram o índice de estado físico da American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) maior ou igual a 3 (OR=6,65, IC95%=1,31-33,69, p=0,02), cirurgia contaminada ou infectada (OR=5,33, IC95%=1,19-23,93, p=0,03), realização de tricotomia (OR=4,60, IC95%=1,03-20,55, p=0,04) e inserção de drenos (OR=3,97, IC95%=1,02-15,46, p=0,04). De modo geral, os hospitais tiveram má performance nos tópicos do checklist . No entanto, somente um desses itens (“manuseio de instrumentos estéreis”) apresentou associação estatística com risco de ISC. Concluímos que incidência de ISC em HPP é surpreendentemente alta, e deve ser objeto de políticas preventivas. Por outro lado, o baixo poder preditivo mostra necessidade de aprimoramento do checklist de contaminação ambiental para que esse reflita adequadamente os riscos infecciosos em sala operatória.
Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) are a worldwide threat, and affect more heavily developing countries. Still, almost all published information concerning incidence and predictors of HAIs come from studies conducted in big-sized and/or teaching hospitals. In Brazil, almost two thirds of hospital have less than 50 beds and are classified as small sized hospitals (SSH). Those hospitals harbor intense surgical and obstetrical activity, and therefore subjects at risk of surgical site infections (SSI). Our study was designed to address the incidence and determinants of SSI in SSH. We followed a cohort of patients submitted to surgeries in three SSH from inner São Paulo State, Brazil. Each surgical procedure was presentially followed, and a checklist of indicators of environmental contamination was applied. Patients were followed for 30 days in order to diagnose SSI. Logistic regression models were used to identify, in separate analysis, (a) predictors of SSI and (b) the statistical association of topics from the checklist to the risk of SSI. The overall incidence of SSI was 8.1%. Predictors identified in multivariable model were: a score in the Amercian Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification of 3 or more (OR=6.65, 95CI%=1.31-33.69, p=0.02), contaminated or dirty wound (OR=5.33, 95%CI=1.19-23.93, p=0.03), perioperatory hair removal (OR=4.60, 95%CI=1.03-20.55, p=0.04) and placement of drains (OR=3.97, 95%CI=1.02-15.46, p=0.04). Overall, hospitals perforemd poorly in the topics of the checklist . However, only one topic (“handling of sterile devices”) was associated to the risk of SSI. In conclusion, the incidente of SSI in SSH is surprisingly high, and must be addressed in preventive policies. On the other hand, the checklist failed in predicting infectious risk, and should therefore be improved.
Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) are a worldwide threat, and affect more heavily developing countries. Still, almost all published information concerning incidence and predictors of HAIs come from studies conducted in big-sized and/or teaching hospitals. In Brazil, almost two thirds of hospital have less than 50 beds and are classified as small sized hospitals (SSH). Those hospitals harbor intense surgical and obstetrical activity, and therefore subjects at risk of surgical site infections (SSI). Our study was designed to address the incidence and determinants of SSI in SSH. We followed a cohort of patients submitted to surgeries in three SSH from inner São Paulo State, Brazil. Each surgical procedure was presentially followed, and a checklist of indicators of environmental contamination was applied. Patients were followed for 30 days in order to diagnose SSI. Logistic regression models were used to identify, in separate analysis, (a) predictors of SSI and (b) the statistical association of topics from the checklist to the risk of SSI. The overall incidence of SSI was 8.1%. Predictors identified in multivariable model were: a score in the Amercian Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification of 3 or more (OR=6.65, 95CI%=1.31-33.69, p=0.02), contaminated or dirty wound (OR=5.33, 95%CI=1.19-23.93, p=0.03), perioperatory hair removal (OR=4.60, 95%CI=1.03-20.55, p=0.04) and placement of drains (OR=3.97, 95%CI=1.02-15.46, p=0.04). Overall, hospitals perforemd poorly in the topics of the checklist . However, only one topic (“handling of sterile devices”) was associated to the risk of SSI. In conclusion, the incidente of SSI in SSH is surprisingly high, and must be addressed in preventive policies. On the other hand, the checklist failed in predicting infectious risk, and should therefore be improved.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Epidemiologia, Surgical site infections, Small-sized hospitals, Epidemiology, Infecção de sítio cirúrgico, Hospitais de pequeno porte