Adubação potássica na produção e qualidade pós-colheita do rabanete
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Data
2016-02-25
Autores
Gouveia, Aline Mendes de Sousa [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O rabanete pode ser cultivado entre o período de safra de outras culturas de ciclo mais longo, sendo uma opção interessante aos pequenos produtores rurais que enxergaram nesta hortaliça uma possibilidade de incremento na rentabilidade das suas áreas. Devido a poucas informações na literatura que mostrem os efeitos do potássio na produção, qualidade e nas características bioquímicas do rabanete, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da adubação potássica aplicado em cobertura na produção e qualidade pós-colheita da cultura do rabanete armazenado sob refrigeração. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental da FCA/UNESP, em São Manuel/SP e as avaliações foram realizadas no Departamento de Horticultura da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, composto por cinco tratamentos de doses de potássio (K2O) (0; 22,5; 45; 67,5 e 90 kg ha-1) na forma de cloreto de potássio em cobertura, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliadas as características vegetativas da planta, acúmulo de nutrientes na raiz e produtividade. Para as características de qualidade (físico-química e bioquímica) as raízes colhidas foram armazenadas a temperatura de 5 ± 1 °C e UR de 85 ± 5 % durante 28 dias, sendo avaliadas a cada 7 dias, quanto a perda de massa, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores, ácido ascórbico (vitamina C), compostos fenólicos, pigmentos (carotenoides e antocianinas totais) e atividade enzimática (peroxidase). Para as características de produção do rabanete, obtiveram-se respostas lineares significativas em função das doses de potássio aplicadas em cobertura para: altura de plantas, massas da matéria fresca da parte aérea, raiz e total, com incremento de 0,46 cm, 0,61 g, 1,05 g, e 2,02 g por planta para cada 10 kg ha-1 de K2O aplicados, respectivamente. Para produtividade, houve u¬¬¬¬¬¬m incremento em 1,05 t ha-1 a cada 10 kg ha-1 de K2O aplicados. Para a porcentagem de raízes comerciais, houve ajuste da equação quadrática, sendo a dose 52,4 kg ha-1 K2O apresentou maior percentual (97,7 %) de raízes comercializáveis. A ordem decrescente dos macronutrintes acumulados pela raiz em média foi de: K > N > Ca > P > S > Mg. Para as caraterísticas ¬¬físico-químicas e bioquímicas, observou-se aumento em função do aumento das doses de potássio para acidez titulável e diminuição para perda de massa, pH, sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores, pigmentos (carotenoides e antocianinas totais), compostos fenólicos e na atividade da peroxidase, mantendo-se estável os teores de ácido ascórbico. Já em função do período de armazenamento, observou-se aumento para perda de massa, acidez titulável e pigmentos (carotenoides e antocianinas totais), diminuição para sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores e manteve-se estável os teores de ácido ascórbico, compostos fenólicos e atividade da peroxidase.
The radish is grown in consortium with other longer-cycle crops, but now small farmers have seen in the vegetable, a chance to increase the profitability of their areas. The literature has little information as to potassium’s effects on the production, quality and the biochemical Radish characteristics. This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of potassium fertilizer applied in coverage in the production and culture of post-harvest quality radish under refrigeration. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of FCA/UNESP in San Manuel / SP and the evaluations were carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FCA / UNESP). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, comprising of five treatments of potassium (K2O) (0; 22,5; 45; 67,5 and 90 kg ha-1) in coverage, with five repetitions. We evaluated the vegetative characteristics of the plant, nutrient accumulation in the shoots, roots and productivity. For the quality features, physical chemistry and biochemistry harvested roots were stored at 5 ± 1 °C and RH 85 – 90 % for 28 days were evaluated every 7 days, the mass loss, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), phenolic compounds, pigments (carotenoids and anthocyanins) and enzyme activity (peroxidase). For radish production characteristics, we obtained significant responses as a function of potassium doses on coverage for plant height, mass of fresh matter of the aerial part, root and total, an increase of 0,46 cm, 0,61 g, 1,05 g and 2,02 g per plant per 10 kg ha-1 K2O applied, respectively. The decreasing order of macronutrintes accumulated by the root is: K> N> Ca> P> S> Mg. For productivity, there was an increase by 1,05 t ha-1 every 10 kg ha-1 K2O applied and the dose 52,4 kg ha-1 K2O with the highest percentage (97,7 %) in marketable yield. For the physicochemical and biochemical characteristics as a function of potassium doses, were obtained rise to acidity, decreased to mass loss, pH, soluble solids, reducing sugars, pigments (carotenoids and anthocyanins), phenolic compounds and activity peroxidase and remained stable ascorbic acid content. Already a function of storage time, we obtained increased to weight loss, titratable acidity and pigments (carotenoids and anthocyanins), decreased to soluble solids, reducing sugars and remained stable ascorbic acid content, phenolic compounds and activity peroxidase.
The radish is grown in consortium with other longer-cycle crops, but now small farmers have seen in the vegetable, a chance to increase the profitability of their areas. The literature has little information as to potassium’s effects on the production, quality and the biochemical Radish characteristics. This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of potassium fertilizer applied in coverage in the production and culture of post-harvest quality radish under refrigeration. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of FCA/UNESP in San Manuel / SP and the evaluations were carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FCA / UNESP). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, comprising of five treatments of potassium (K2O) (0; 22,5; 45; 67,5 and 90 kg ha-1) in coverage, with five repetitions. We evaluated the vegetative characteristics of the plant, nutrient accumulation in the shoots, roots and productivity. For the quality features, physical chemistry and biochemistry harvested roots were stored at 5 ± 1 °C and RH 85 – 90 % for 28 days were evaluated every 7 days, the mass loss, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), phenolic compounds, pigments (carotenoids and anthocyanins) and enzyme activity (peroxidase). For radish production characteristics, we obtained significant responses as a function of potassium doses on coverage for plant height, mass of fresh matter of the aerial part, root and total, an increase of 0,46 cm, 0,61 g, 1,05 g and 2,02 g per plant per 10 kg ha-1 K2O applied, respectively. The decreasing order of macronutrintes accumulated by the root is: K> N> Ca> P> S> Mg. For productivity, there was an increase by 1,05 t ha-1 every 10 kg ha-1 K2O applied and the dose 52,4 kg ha-1 K2O with the highest percentage (97,7 %) in marketable yield. For the physicochemical and biochemical characteristics as a function of potassium doses, were obtained rise to acidity, decreased to mass loss, pH, soluble solids, reducing sugars, pigments (carotenoids and anthocyanins), phenolic compounds and activity peroxidase and remained stable ascorbic acid content. Already a function of storage time, we obtained increased to weight loss, titratable acidity and pigments (carotenoids and anthocyanins), decreased to soluble solids, reducing sugars and remained stable ascorbic acid content, phenolic compounds and activity peroxidase.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Raphanus sativus L., Doses de potássio, Produtividade, Avaliação físico-química, Atividade enzimática, Potassium levels, Productivity, Physical-chemical, Enzyme activity