A aplicação da abordagem do Tecnógeno na identificação e classificação dos terrenos e depósitos tecnogênicos no ambiente urbano de Guarapuava-PR
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Data
2016-01-26
Autores
França Junior, Pedro [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo desta tese é identificar e classificar os terrenos e depósitos tecnogênicos, a partir de análises nas transformações da sociedade sobre a natureza ocorrida no ambiente urbano de Guarapuava-PR. Esse ambiente passou por diversos estágios de urbanização a partir 1810, sendo influenciada pela passagem dos setores produtivos do tropeirismo, erva-mate, madeireiro, agropecuário e, atualmente, atividades agroindustriais e de serviços. No entanto, a estrutura urbana teve crescimento expressivo a partir de 1970 com o ápice do êxodo rural e o aumento da população urbana. A urbanização proporcionou novos processos geomorfológicos com ações diretas e indiretamente antrópicas, produzindo novas formas e materiais que foram identificados e classificados como terrenos e depósitos tecnogênicos. Para se compreender essa dinâmica ambiental, desenvolveram-se levantamentos bibliográficos, cartográficos e de campo para se analisar as transformações ocorridas, bem como se reconstituindo historicamente os processos de uso e ocupação do perímetro urbano de 1940-2014. Foram percorridas as três subunidades de relevo: planalto de Guarapuava/Palmas; Pitanga/Ivaiporã e Foz do Areia/Ribeirão Claro, e diferentes formas: vertentes, topos colinosos e planícies. Foram descritos 30 pontos representativos de terrenos e depósitos tecnogênicos, bem como seis pontos por meio de testemunhos, com depósitos induzidos nas principais sub-bacias do ambiente urbano. Os pontos identificados e classificados correspondem em sua ampla maioria a terrenos de agradação, manifestados em depósitos de maciços isolados, lençóis de aterramento em ambientes urbanos e periurbanos. Já os terrenos de degradação correspondem às cicatrizes de aterramento e mineração, representadas pela construção da ferrovia – FERROESTE, e as cicatrizes tecnogênicas manifestadas por áreas de mineração. Quanto aos depósitos induzidos, estes correspondem aos processos de assoreamento de lagos, registrados no Parque do Lago, e aos depósitos de margem de canal das sub-bacias hidrográficas urbanas, que se formaram a partir do deflúvio gerado pela impermeabilização que arrasta os resíduos gerados (terrenos de agradação), disponíveis do processo de urbanização. Ao se observar as camadas de cada testemunho, verifica-se a ocorrência de materiais alóctones de ambiente sedimentar, tais como variação textural diferenciada de areia, silte e argila, incrustadas por plásticos, madeira, carvão, sementes e matéria orgânica. As diferentes fases de urbanização com as apropriações das diferentes formas de relevo conduzem às formações tecnogênicas, onde sua forma dependerá das características físicas do relevo, e em Guarapuava as principais manifestações ocorrem nas transições das vertentes côncavo-convexas para fundos de vale, principalmente nas planícies, e em rupturas de declive.
The objective of this thesis is to identify and classify the land and technogenic deposits from analyzes on changes in society about the nature occurred in the urban environment Guarapuava-PR. This place has gone through several stages of urbanization from 1810, being influenced by the passage of the productive sectors tropeirismo, yerba mate, timber, agricultural and currently agro-industrial activities and services. However, the urban structure grew significantly from 1970 to the apex of the rural exodus and the increase in urban population. Urbanization provided new geomorphological processes with direct actions and indirect anthropogenic, producing new forms and materials that have been identified and classified as technogenic land and deposits. To understand this dynamic environment, evolved bibliographic, cartographic and field to analyze the changes that have occurred, as well as historically reconstructing the use of processes and occupation of the urban perimeter of 1940-2014. The three major subunits were covered: Guarapuava / Palmas plateau; Pitanga / Ivaiporã and Foz do Areia / Ribeirao Claro, and different ways: strands, hill tops and plains. They were described 30 representative points technogenic land and deposits as well as six points through testimonies, with deposits induced in major urban environment sub-basins. Identified and classified points are in their large majority in aggradation land, manifested in deposits isolated massive, ground sheets in urban and peri-urban environments. Already the degradation of land correspond to the ground and mining scars, represented by the construction of the railway - FERROESTE, and tecnogênicas scars expressed by mining areas. As for induced deposits, they correspond to the silting process of lakes, recorded in Lake Park, and channel margin deposits of urban sub-basins, which were formed from the runoff generated by waterproofing dragging the generated waste (aggradation land), available from the urbanization process. By observing the layers of each witness verifies the occurrence of alien materials sedimentary environment, such as different texture variation sand, silt and clay, embedded in plastic, wood, coal, organic matter and seeds. The appropriation of different relief forms can lead to technogenic formations that depend on the physical characteristics of relief, and Guarapuava the main manifestations occur in the transitions of the concave-convex slopes to valley bottoms, and slope ruptures in the urban environment Guarapuava.
The objective of this thesis is to identify and classify the land and technogenic deposits from analyzes on changes in society about the nature occurred in the urban environment Guarapuava-PR. This place has gone through several stages of urbanization from 1810, being influenced by the passage of the productive sectors tropeirismo, yerba mate, timber, agricultural and currently agro-industrial activities and services. However, the urban structure grew significantly from 1970 to the apex of the rural exodus and the increase in urban population. Urbanization provided new geomorphological processes with direct actions and indirect anthropogenic, producing new forms and materials that have been identified and classified as technogenic land and deposits. To understand this dynamic environment, evolved bibliographic, cartographic and field to analyze the changes that have occurred, as well as historically reconstructing the use of processes and occupation of the urban perimeter of 1940-2014. The three major subunits were covered: Guarapuava / Palmas plateau; Pitanga / Ivaiporã and Foz do Areia / Ribeirao Claro, and different ways: strands, hill tops and plains. They were described 30 representative points technogenic land and deposits as well as six points through testimonies, with deposits induced in major urban environment sub-basins. Identified and classified points are in their large majority in aggradation land, manifested in deposits isolated massive, ground sheets in urban and peri-urban environments. Already the degradation of land correspond to the ground and mining scars, represented by the construction of the railway - FERROESTE, and tecnogênicas scars expressed by mining areas. As for induced deposits, they correspond to the silting process of lakes, recorded in Lake Park, and channel margin deposits of urban sub-basins, which were formed from the runoff generated by waterproofing dragging the generated waste (aggradation land), available from the urbanization process. By observing the layers of each witness verifies the occurrence of alien materials sedimentary environment, such as different texture variation sand, silt and clay, embedded in plastic, wood, coal, organic matter and seeds. The appropriation of different relief forms can lead to technogenic formations that depend on the physical characteristics of relief, and Guarapuava the main manifestations occur in the transitions of the concave-convex slopes to valley bottoms, and slope ruptures in the urban environment Guarapuava.
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Palavras-chave
Guarapuava, Depósitos tecnogênicos, Terrenos tecnogênicos, Tecnógeno, Degradação ambiental, Guarapuava city, Technogenic deposits, Technogenic land, Technogene, Environmental degradation