Sintomas depressivos e experiência pessoal de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia eletiva de revascularização do miocárdio
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Data
2016-02-26
Autores
Uliana, Maithê Cristina [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A crescente associação entre depressão e doenças cardiovasculares aponta para a influência de fatores psicoemocionais no aparecimento de doenças cardíacas, como é o caso da Doença Arterial Coronariana (DAC). Estudos apontam para a alta prevalência de sintomas de depressão em pacientes com DAC, antes e após a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM). Destacam-se os aspectos emocionais vivenciados pelos pacientes frente à experiência da cirurgia cardíaca, desde sua descoberta até o processo de recuperação. A vivência como Psicóloga na Unidade de Cardiologia de um Hospital Geral mobilizou o interesse em investigar o fenômeno depressivo e os aspectos psicológicos relacionados à experiência da cirurgia cardíaca dos pacientes submetidos à CRM, tendo em vista a importância do tratamento, prevenção e minimização dos riscos relacionados ao quadro orgânico. Neste estudo, de natureza quanti-qualitativa, os sintomas depressivos de 20 pacientes submetidos à CRM foram avaliados nos momentos pré e pós-operatórios, durante a internação hospitalar. As experiências pessoais em relação à doença e à cirurgia cardíaca de 5 destes pacientes, relatadas em entrevistas clinicas no pós-operatório tardio, foram descritas e analisadas, bem como a avaliação dos sintomas de depressão neste momento. Os 20 participantes admitidos na Unidade de Cardiologia do Hospital de Base de Bauru – SP FAMESP, pertenciam a ambos os sexos, situavam-se na faixa etária de 53 a 77 anos, haviam sido diagnosticados com DAC e recebido indicação de CRM. A etapa da internação hospitalar englobou a avaliação dos sintomas de depressão por meio do Inventário de Depressão de Beck-II (BDI-II), e o registro de dados demográficos, clínico-médicos e psicológicos pela Ficha de Registro de Dados de Prontuário, e teve os dados analisados quantitativamente. A análise estatística consistiu da descrição da prevalência e intensidade dos sintomas depressivos e dos dados clínico-médicos e psicológicos em frequências absolutas (N) e relativas (%). Para a comparação das frequências foram utilizados os testes não paramétricos de McNemar e Wilcoxon, adotando-se o nível de significância estatística de α = 0,05. A maioria da amostra foi composta por pacientes acima dos 60 anos de idade (75%) e do sexo masculino (60%). Os resultados obtidos apontam para a alta prevalência de sintomas de depressão em pacientes com DAC, antes e após a CRM, não se constatando mudanças significativas em relação à presença de sintomatologia depressiva entre o pré e o pós-operatório da cirurgia. A intensidade dos sintomas depressivos melhorou entre o pré e pós-operatório, possivelmente devido à sensação de alívio após o procedimento cirúrgico, e à expectativa de melhora da condição física e da qualidade de vida no período de recuperação da cirurgia A análise qualitativa das entrevistas dos cinco casos clínicos, por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin (1977), revelou o caráter positivo da experiência da cirurgia cardíaca, na qual a fé e a religiosidade, o suporte familiar e o suporte oferecido pela equipe multidisciplinar, em especial do psicólogo, foram apontados como importantes recursos para enfrentar o impacto do diagnóstico da enfermidade cardíaca, a indicação da cirurgia e as dificuldades relacionadas ao processo de hospitalização.
The increasing association between depression and cardiovascular disease points to the influence of psycho-emotional factors in the onset of heart disease, as is the case with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Studies point to the high prevalence of depression symptoms in CAD patients before and after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) the emotional aspects are. It highlights the emotional aspects experienced by patients across the experience of heart surgery, since its discovery until the recovery process. The experience as a Psychologist in the Cardiology Unit of a general hospital mobilized the interest in investigating the depressive phenomenon and the psychological aspects related to the experience of heart surgery patients undergoing CABG, considering the importance of treatment, prevention and minimization of related risks the organic framework. In this study, a quantitative and qualitative nature, the depressive symptoms of 20 patients undergoing CABG were evaluated in the pre and postoperative, during hospitalization. Personal experiences about the disease and cardiac surgery in 5 of these patients reported in clinical interviews in the late postoperative period, were described and analyzed, as well as evaluating the symptoms of depression at the moment. The 20 participants admitted to the Cardiology Unit of the Base Hospital of Bauru - SP FAMESP belonged to both sexes, were in the age group 53-77 years had been diagnosed with CAD and CRM received indication. The stage of hospitalization included the assessment of depression symptoms via the Beck Inventory-II Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the record of demographic data, clinical and medical and psychological the Handbook of Data Recording Sheet, and had the data analyzed quantitatively. Statistical analysis is the description of the prevalence and intensity of depressive symptoms and clinical and medical and psychological data in absolute frequencies (N) and relative (%). To compare the frequency nonparametric McNemar test and Wilcoxon were used, adopting the statistical significance level of α = 0.05. The majority of the sample consisted of patients over 60 years of age (75%) and male (60%). The results point to the high prevalence of symptoms of depression in patients with CHD before and after CABG and contains no significant changes regarding the presence of depressive symptoms between pre and postoperative surgery. The intensity of depressive symptoms improved between the pre- and post-operative, possibly due to the sense of relief after surgery, and the expectation of improving their physical condition and quality of life in the surgery recovery period. The qualitative analysis of five clinical cases through the Bardin content analysis technique (1977), revealed the positive nature of the experience of heart surgery, in which faith and religiosity, family support, and the support offered by the multidisciplinary team, especially the psychologist, were identified as important resources used to address the impact of the diagnosis of heart disease, the indication of surgery and difficulties related to the hospitalization process.
The increasing association between depression and cardiovascular disease points to the influence of psycho-emotional factors in the onset of heart disease, as is the case with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Studies point to the high prevalence of depression symptoms in CAD patients before and after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) the emotional aspects are. It highlights the emotional aspects experienced by patients across the experience of heart surgery, since its discovery until the recovery process. The experience as a Psychologist in the Cardiology Unit of a general hospital mobilized the interest in investigating the depressive phenomenon and the psychological aspects related to the experience of heart surgery patients undergoing CABG, considering the importance of treatment, prevention and minimization of related risks the organic framework. In this study, a quantitative and qualitative nature, the depressive symptoms of 20 patients undergoing CABG were evaluated in the pre and postoperative, during hospitalization. Personal experiences about the disease and cardiac surgery in 5 of these patients reported in clinical interviews in the late postoperative period, were described and analyzed, as well as evaluating the symptoms of depression at the moment. The 20 participants admitted to the Cardiology Unit of the Base Hospital of Bauru - SP FAMESP belonged to both sexes, were in the age group 53-77 years had been diagnosed with CAD and CRM received indication. The stage of hospitalization included the assessment of depression symptoms via the Beck Inventory-II Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the record of demographic data, clinical and medical and psychological the Handbook of Data Recording Sheet, and had the data analyzed quantitatively. Statistical analysis is the description of the prevalence and intensity of depressive symptoms and clinical and medical and psychological data in absolute frequencies (N) and relative (%). To compare the frequency nonparametric McNemar test and Wilcoxon were used, adopting the statistical significance level of α = 0.05. The majority of the sample consisted of patients over 60 years of age (75%) and male (60%). The results point to the high prevalence of symptoms of depression in patients with CHD before and after CABG and contains no significant changes regarding the presence of depressive symptoms between pre and postoperative surgery. The intensity of depressive symptoms improved between the pre- and post-operative, possibly due to the sense of relief after surgery, and the expectation of improving their physical condition and quality of life in the surgery recovery period. The qualitative analysis of five clinical cases through the Bardin content analysis technique (1977), revealed the positive nature of the experience of heart surgery, in which faith and religiosity, family support, and the support offered by the multidisciplinary team, especially the psychologist, were identified as important resources used to address the impact of the diagnosis of heart disease, the indication of surgery and difficulties related to the hospitalization process.
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Palavras-chave
Sintomas depressivos, Experiência pessoal, Cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, Depressive symptoms, Personal experience, Coronary artery bypass graft surgery