Modelos para estimar consumo e exigências nutricionais para poedeiras comerciais
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Data
2016-03-04
Autores
Palma Bendezu, Hilda Cristina [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um modelo para calcular as ingestões de aminoácidos e energia para a fase de maturação sexual e produção de ovos. As exigências de energia, aminoácidos e consumo de ração foram calculados pelo método fatorial, considerando na fase de maturação sexual a quantidade de nutrientes requerida para mantença e a quantidade de nutrientes necessários para crescimento e deposição de nutrientes corporais em cada componente do corpo (ovário, oviduto, corpo livre de penas e penas); na fase de produção foram considerados a quantidade de nutrientes exigida para mantença e a quantidade de nutrientes exigida para a produção de ovos com base no potencial de postura das aves. Foram realizados três ensaios. Os dois primeiros ensaios foram realizados na fase da maturação sexual (de 16 a 28 semanas), no ensaio foram utilizadas 96 aves da linhagem Isa Brown para descrever o crescimento dos órgãos reprodutivos. Duas vezes por semana foram abatidas quatro aves e foi registrado o peso da ave com e sem pena, o peso do ovário e oviduto, adicionalmente se tomara amostra de cada uma destas para posterior analises no laboratório. Nesta mesma fase foi realizado um segundo experimento para avaliar os resultados do consumo predito. Foram utilizadas 76 frangas de 15 a 24 semanas de idade da linagem Hy-Line e ISA-Brown e foi mensurado o consumo diário antes do primeiro ovo. No ensaio da fase de produção (18 a 60 semanas), foram utilizadas 60 aves da linhagem Isa Brown e 60 aves da linhagem Hy-line. Neste período foi registrado a produção, o peso do ovo e o peso dos componentes do ovo (gema, albúmen e casca) das 120 aves. Adicionalmente, foi registrado semanalmente o peso da ave e da sobra de ração para estimar o consumo. Na fase de maturação sexual, os parâmetros de crescimento dos órgãos reprodutivos foram estimados pela equação de Gompertz e com base nestas informações foram calculadas o consumo predito. Os dados do segundo experimento foram para avaliar a acurácia e a precisão dos dados de consumo preditos com base no crescimento do corpo e dos órgãos reprodutivos. O consumo predito sobreestima em 0.41 g/day (P>0.05) e 2.65 g/day (P>0.001) para Hy-Line e Isa Brown, respectivamente. No ensaio da fase de produção foram calculados a produção da gema, o cumprimento do ciclo interno e o peso dos componentes do ovo e com base nesta informação foi calculada a ingestão da energia efetiva e aminoácidos (lisina e metionina+cistina) para a fase de produção. O peso médio do ovo foi 55.1 g e 59.7 g no pico de produção para a linagem Hy-Line e ISA-Brown. Neste período a ingestão de energia efetiva e lisina foi 1067 kJ/d e 723 mg/d para o indivíduo médio da população de Hy-Line, 1075 kJ/d e 744 mg/d para ISA-Brown. Neste estudo, se fundamenta a utilização da modelagem como ferramenta para predizer o potencial de produção de ovos e consumo de nutrientes. Constituindo informação valiosa para simular respostas com diferentes populações, além de fornecer conhecimento do sistema envolvido na produção.
The aim of this study was to develop a model to calculate the feed intake and the nutrient requirement for pre-laying and laying phase. energy and amino acids intake were calculated by the factorial method, taking into account the nutrients required for maintenance and growth of each body component (ovary, oviduct, feather-free body and feathers) in the pre-laying phase and in laying phase were considered the amount of nutrients required for maintenance and for egg production. Two trials were carried out in the sexual maturation phase (16-28 weeks), 96 Isa Brown laying hens were used to describe the growth of the reproductive organs. Twice a week, four birds were slaughtered and measured the body weight with and without feather and the weight of the reproductive organs (ovary and oviduct), additionally samples were taken to analysis in the laboratory (dry matter, gross energy and crude protein). A second experiment in the same phase, it was conducted to evaluate the results of predicted feed intake. Seventy six Hy-Line and ISA-Brown pullets from 15 to 24 weeks of age were used to measure daily feed intake before the first egg. In the laying phase (18-60 weeks), sixty laying birds of Isa Brown and Hy-line were used to register the egg production, egg weight and the weight of the egg components (yolk, albumen and shell). The growth parameters of reproductive organs were estimated by Gompertz equation in the pre-laying phase, and based on this information were predicted feed intake. The data of the second experiment were used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the predicted feed intake based on the growth of body and reproductive organs. The predicted feed intake overestimate 0.41 g / day (P> 0.05) and 2.65 g / day (P> 0.001) to Hy-Line Brown and Isa Brown, respectively. Yolk production, internal cycle and the weight of egg components was calculated for the laying phase and based on this information was calculated effective energy intake and aminoacids (lysine and methionine plus cystine). The average egg weight was 55.1 g and 59.7 g at peak production for Hy-Line and ISA-Brown strain. In this period the average intake of effective energy and lysine was 1067 kJ / d and 723 mg / d for average Hy-Line birds, 1075 kJ / d and 744 mg / d for ISA-Brown. Mathematical Models is a tool to predict the potential for egg production and nutrient intake. Constituting valuable information to simulate responses to different populations, as well as providing knowledge of the biological system involved in the production.
The aim of this study was to develop a model to calculate the feed intake and the nutrient requirement for pre-laying and laying phase. energy and amino acids intake were calculated by the factorial method, taking into account the nutrients required for maintenance and growth of each body component (ovary, oviduct, feather-free body and feathers) in the pre-laying phase and in laying phase were considered the amount of nutrients required for maintenance and for egg production. Two trials were carried out in the sexual maturation phase (16-28 weeks), 96 Isa Brown laying hens were used to describe the growth of the reproductive organs. Twice a week, four birds were slaughtered and measured the body weight with and without feather and the weight of the reproductive organs (ovary and oviduct), additionally samples were taken to analysis in the laboratory (dry matter, gross energy and crude protein). A second experiment in the same phase, it was conducted to evaluate the results of predicted feed intake. Seventy six Hy-Line and ISA-Brown pullets from 15 to 24 weeks of age were used to measure daily feed intake before the first egg. In the laying phase (18-60 weeks), sixty laying birds of Isa Brown and Hy-line were used to register the egg production, egg weight and the weight of the egg components (yolk, albumen and shell). The growth parameters of reproductive organs were estimated by Gompertz equation in the pre-laying phase, and based on this information were predicted feed intake. The data of the second experiment were used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the predicted feed intake based on the growth of body and reproductive organs. The predicted feed intake overestimate 0.41 g / day (P> 0.05) and 2.65 g / day (P> 0.001) to Hy-Line Brown and Isa Brown, respectively. Yolk production, internal cycle and the weight of egg components was calculated for the laying phase and based on this information was calculated effective energy intake and aminoacids (lysine and methionine plus cystine). The average egg weight was 55.1 g and 59.7 g at peak production for Hy-Line and ISA-Brown strain. In this period the average intake of effective energy and lysine was 1067 kJ / d and 723 mg / d for average Hy-Line birds, 1075 kJ / d and 744 mg / d for ISA-Brown. Mathematical Models is a tool to predict the potential for egg production and nutrient intake. Constituting valuable information to simulate responses to different populations, as well as providing knowledge of the biological system involved in the production.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Uniformidade, Potencial de postura, Deposição de proteina, Assessment, Pullets, Population, Uniformity