Espirometria na avaliação do sistema respiratório de ruminantes em ambiente tropical
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Data
2016-02-22
Autores
Nascimento, Carolina Cardoso Nagib [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se a partir deste estudo avaliar a dinâmica das trocas térmicas ocorridas no trato respiratório de animais de interesse zootécnico (bovinos e caprinos), em ambiente tropical, utilizando a técnica de espirometria de fluxo contínuo com uso de máscara facial. Foram realizados quatro estudos de espirometria e calorimetria indireta com três raças da espécie bovina, Nelore, Guzerá e Jersey e uma da espécie caprina da raça Anglo-nubiana. A realização da espirometria e da calorimetria indireta foi feita por meio de uso de máscara facial ajustada ao focinho do animal. A produção de calor metabólico (q”MET), ventilação (VE), frequência respiratória (FR), volume respiratório corrente (VRC) e produção e consumo de CO2 (VCO2) e O2 (VO2), respectivamente, foram mensuradas simultaneamente, além das trocas de calor do animal por evaporação e convecção pelo trato respiratório com o meio ambiente. Avaliações de espirometria e calorimetria indireta com utilização de máscara facial em animais de produção em ambiente natural mostraram-se eficientes para as espécies estudadas uma função não linear entre VRC, VE, VO2 e FR por unidade de peso e peso corporal foi encontrada; animais de menor peso corporal apresentam maiores VRC, VE, VO2 e FR e consequentemente uma maior produção de calor metabólico por unidade de peso corporal do que animais maiores. Em faixas de temperatura do ar de 22 a 36 °C os animais Guzerá, Nelore, Jersey e Anglo Nubianas não tem um aumento significativo nas funções respiratórias porém, o volume de CH4 apresenta uma relação inversa com o aumento da temperatura do ar. As perdas de calor pelo trato respiratório por evaporação aumentaram com o aumento da temperatura do ar, sendo essa a principal via de perda de calor no trato respiratório. Modelos de regressão apresentados para estimar a evaporação respiratória em bovinos da raça Guzerá, Nelore, Jersey e caprino da raça Anglo Nubiana utilizando parâmetros ambientais e fisiológicos se mostraram bem eficientes nestas condições.
In order to study the respiratory physiology and the dynamics of the heat exchange occurred in the respiratory tract of livestock interest of animals in tropical environment using a continuous flow of spirometry technique with use of facial mask. Four studies of spirometry and indirect calorimetry were performed in two species of livestock interest animals, and these three races of bovine animals, Nellore, Guzerat and Jersey and a goats Anglo-Nubian breed. The spirometry and indirect calorimetry was performed by use of the face mask adjust to the animal’s muzzle. The metabolic heat production (q"MET), ventilation (VE), respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT) and production and consumption of CO2 (VCO2) and O2 (VO2), respectively, were measured simultaneously, as well of the animal's heat exchange by convection and by evaporation with the respiratory tract environment. Spirometry and indirect calorimetry techniques with use of facial masks in livestock animals in a natural environment were effective for the species studied. A nonlinear function between VRC, VE, VO2 and FR per unit weight as function of body weight was found and the lighter animals had a higher VRC, VE, VO2 and FR and thus greater metabolic heat production per unit weight than largest animals. In air temperature between 22-36 °C the Guzerat, Nellore, Jersey and Anglo Nubian has no significant increase respiratory function, but the volume of CH4 has an inverse relation with air temperature. Also heat losses the respiratory tract by evaporation increased with increasing air temperature, and this is the main heat loss through the respiratory tract. Regression models presented to estimate the respiratory evaporation in cattle Guzerat, Nellore, Jersey and the Anglo Nubian goat using environmental and physiological parameters were well efficient in these conditions.
In order to study the respiratory physiology and the dynamics of the heat exchange occurred in the respiratory tract of livestock interest of animals in tropical environment using a continuous flow of spirometry technique with use of facial mask. Four studies of spirometry and indirect calorimetry were performed in two species of livestock interest animals, and these three races of bovine animals, Nellore, Guzerat and Jersey and a goats Anglo-Nubian breed. The spirometry and indirect calorimetry was performed by use of the face mask adjust to the animal’s muzzle. The metabolic heat production (q"MET), ventilation (VE), respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT) and production and consumption of CO2 (VCO2) and O2 (VO2), respectively, were measured simultaneously, as well of the animal's heat exchange by convection and by evaporation with the respiratory tract environment. Spirometry and indirect calorimetry techniques with use of facial masks in livestock animals in a natural environment were effective for the species studied. A nonlinear function between VRC, VE, VO2 and FR per unit weight as function of body weight was found and the lighter animals had a higher VRC, VE, VO2 and FR and thus greater metabolic heat production per unit weight than largest animals. In air temperature between 22-36 °C the Guzerat, Nellore, Jersey and Anglo Nubian has no significant increase respiratory function, but the volume of CH4 has an inverse relation with air temperature. Also heat losses the respiratory tract by evaporation increased with increasing air temperature, and this is the main heat loss through the respiratory tract. Regression models presented to estimate the respiratory evaporation in cattle Guzerat, Nellore, Jersey and the Anglo Nubian goat using environmental and physiological parameters were well efficient in these conditions.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bovinos, Caprinos, Calorimetria indireta, Perda de calor, Sistema respiratório, Peso corporal, Body weight, Cattle, Goats, Indirect calorimetry, Heat loss, Respiratory system