Programação no ensino de matemática utilizando Processing 2: Um estudo das relações formalizadas por alunos do ensino fundamental com baixo rendimento em matemática
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Data
2016-02-25
Autores
Souza, Eduardo Cardoso de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O baixo desempenho em matemática obtido pelos alunos brasileiros nas avaliações externas revela que o ensino da matemática é um grande desafio tanto para as nações marcadas pela desigualdade social, quanto para as nações mais desenvolvidas. Em busca da superação dos baixos índices de rendimento dos estudantes em matemática, este trabalho de cunho qualitativo, investigou por meio da aprendizagem situada numa comunidade de prática de programadores as formas pelas quais os alunos com baixo desempenho em matemática se relacionam com a mesma durante e após participarem de oficinas de programação. A pesquisa contou com oito oficinas de programação utilizando a ferramenta Processing 2. Foi possível delinear seis categorias de análise que, conforme os objetivos da pesquisa, sinalizam arranjos da aprendizagem situada da matemática numa comunidade de prática de programadores - não linearidade, ênfase no saber fazer, informal, construção do conhecimento a partir da necessidade, interatividade e engajamento e tentou-se buscar subsídios para responder perguntas como: Quais são as vantagens de aulas de matemática utilizando ferramentas de programação? Quais são as dificuldades ao desenvolver aulas de matemática utilizando ambiente de programação? Que tipos de mudança o uso de ferramentas de programação provocam na dinâmica das aulas de matemática? Para a realização da pesquisa foi escolhida uma escola da rede municipal de ensino fundamental do município de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo – SP, com seis alunos, na faixa etária de 12 anos que apresentavam baixo rendimento na disciplina. A programação de computadores como instrumento didático-pedagógico, no emprego da ferramenta Processing 2 aponta avanços na aprendizagem dos alunos, no tocante a promoção de um trabalho mais cooperativo, que coloca o erro como elemento natural no processo de aprendizagem, e torna a aprendizagem mais interativa, contribuindo para um feedback imediato, e avança sobretudo na apropriação de conceitos matemáticos adjacentes da atividade de programação. Foi possível evidenciar que no transcorrer das oficinas os alunos passaram a perceber a necessidade e importância da matemática enquanto constroem programas que representam seus anseios e desejos. Assim o conhecimento parte da necessidade pontual e, com isso, explorar uma aprendizagem mais ativa. No desencadeamento das oficinas os estudantes deixam de ser meramente receptores de informações, e se engajam de maneira ativa nas práticas da comunidade, o que contribui para uma aprendizagem ativa. Um dos indicativos de sucesso para a nova alfabetização do século XXI está na interatividade e no tempo rápido de respostas conforme se evidenciou neste trabalho. Enquanto os alunos trabalhavam no desenvolvimento dos projetos, criando as sequências de comandos, eles estavam a aprender sobre o processo de construção, do processo de como formalizar uma ideia e transformá-la num projeto completo e funcional. Assim, estavam a “programar para aprender”. À medida que se avança nas oficinas, os alunos aumentam sua atitude reflexiva, de modo que a ferramenta passou a ser apenas um suporte. Neste processo encontravam seus erros, procuravam corrigi-los, testavam e aprendiam os conceitos envolvidos na solução dos problemas.
The poor performance in mathematics obtained by Brazilian students in the external evaluation shows that mathematics teaching is a major challenge for both nations marked by social inequality, and for the most developed nations. In search of overcoming low levels of student performance in mathematics, the qualitative nature of work, investigated through learning located in a developer community of practice the ways in which students with low math performance relate to the same during and after participating in scheduling workshops. The research included eight workshops programming using Processing tool 2. It was possible to outline six categories of analysis that, as the research objectives, signal arrangements situated learning of mathematics in a developer community of practice - nonlinearity, emphasis on know-how, informal, knowledge building from the need, interactivity and engagement and we tried to get subsidies to answer questions such as: What are the advantages of math classes using programming tools? What are the difficulties in developing math classes using programming environment? What kinds of changes using programming tools cause the dynamics of math classes? For the research was chosen a school elementary school municipal system of the city of Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo - SP, with six students, aged 12 who had low performance in the discipline. The programming computers as didactic and pedagogical tool, the use of Processing 2 tool shows progress in student learning, regarding the promotion of a more cooperative work, which puts the error as a natural element in the learning process, and makes learning more interactive, contributing to an immediate feedback, and advancing above all in the ownership of adjacent mathematical concepts of programming activity. It became clear that in the course of the workshops students have come to realize the need and importance of mathematics as they build programs that represent their wishes and desires. Thus the knowledge of the specific need and, therefore, explore a more active learning. In triggering the workshops students are no longer merely information receptors, and to engage actively in community practices, which contributes to an active learning. One of the success indicative for the new literacy of the twenty-first century is on interactivity and quick response time as was evident in this work. While students worked in project development, creating the command sequences, they were to learn about the construction process, as the process of formalizing an idea and turn it into a complete and functional design. So were "programmed to learn." As we advance in the workshops, students increase their reflexive attitude, so that the tool just happened to be a support. In this process they found his mistakes, sought to correct them, were testing and learned the concepts involved in solving problems.
The poor performance in mathematics obtained by Brazilian students in the external evaluation shows that mathematics teaching is a major challenge for both nations marked by social inequality, and for the most developed nations. In search of overcoming low levels of student performance in mathematics, the qualitative nature of work, investigated through learning located in a developer community of practice the ways in which students with low math performance relate to the same during and after participating in scheduling workshops. The research included eight workshops programming using Processing tool 2. It was possible to outline six categories of analysis that, as the research objectives, signal arrangements situated learning of mathematics in a developer community of practice - nonlinearity, emphasis on know-how, informal, knowledge building from the need, interactivity and engagement and we tried to get subsidies to answer questions such as: What are the advantages of math classes using programming tools? What are the difficulties in developing math classes using programming environment? What kinds of changes using programming tools cause the dynamics of math classes? For the research was chosen a school elementary school municipal system of the city of Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo - SP, with six students, aged 12 who had low performance in the discipline. The programming computers as didactic and pedagogical tool, the use of Processing 2 tool shows progress in student learning, regarding the promotion of a more cooperative work, which puts the error as a natural element in the learning process, and makes learning more interactive, contributing to an immediate feedback, and advancing above all in the ownership of adjacent mathematical concepts of programming activity. It became clear that in the course of the workshops students have come to realize the need and importance of mathematics as they build programs that represent their wishes and desires. Thus the knowledge of the specific need and, therefore, explore a more active learning. In triggering the workshops students are no longer merely information receptors, and to engage actively in community practices, which contributes to an active learning. One of the success indicative for the new literacy of the twenty-first century is on interactivity and quick response time as was evident in this work. While students worked in project development, creating the command sequences, they were to learn about the construction process, as the process of formalizing an idea and turn it into a complete and functional design. So were "programmed to learn." As we advance in the workshops, students increase their reflexive attitude, so that the tool just happened to be a support. In this process they found his mistakes, sought to correct them, were testing and learned the concepts involved in solving problems.
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Palavras-chave
Ensino de Programação, Resolução de problemas, Pensamento matemático, Aprendizagem situada, Programming education, Problem solving, Mathematical thinking, Situated learning