A situação social de desenvolvimento das crianças de dois a três anos: um estudo com enfoque nas experiências vivenciadas na escola de Educação Infantil
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Data
2016-03-07
Autores
Singulani, Renata Aparecida Dezo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa foi motivada a partir de observações do cotidiano das crianças na escola de Educação Infantil, na qual observou-se uma pobreza de experiências em seus fazeres e uma visão biologizante dos professores quanto ao desenvolvimento infantil. O estudo tem como embasamento teórico a teoria histórico-cultural e parte do pressuposto de que a situação social de desenvolvimento das crianças é condicionada por suas condições de vida e educação, e quando intencionalmente organizadas, podem promover vivências que conduzam ao máximo desenvolvimento psíquico. Tem como objetivo geral identificar e analisar a situação social de desenvolvimento da criança de dois a três anos por meio das situações vivenciadas na escola da infância e tem como objetivos específicos analisar as condições objetivas e subjetivas em que se efetivam as experiências das crianças de dois a três anos na escola de Educação Infantil, refletir sobre como acontece a intervenção intencional do (a) professor (a) nessas circunstâncias e identificar como tais condições se objetivam em elementos indicadores do desenvolvimento psíquico. A hipótese inicial é de que o desenvolvimento da criança pode ser potencializado quando se identifica a situação social de desenvolvimento, o que implica reconhecer as condições objetivas e subjetivas em que acontecem a atividade e como essa atividade impacta as funções psíquicas em formação. A metodologia consistiu em observação e filmagem da rotina de uma turma de crianças de dois a três anos de um Centro de Educação Infantil. As crianças foram observadas e filmadas enquanto se relacionavam com as demais crianças, com a professora e com os materiais disponíveis no espaço da sala. Os resultados apresentados demonstram que ao observar, atentamente, os fazeres, expressões e modos de agir das crianças, o (a) professor (a) pode identificar a sua situação social de desenvolvimento, para planejar e organizar as condições favoráveis à potencialização do desenvolvimento. As condições objetivas da atividade das crianças, assim como, as intervenções das professoras nem sempre favoreceram a ampliação das possibilidades de desenvolvimento das crianças. Em várias situações foi possível perceber indícios dos processos psíquicos em formação.
This study was motivated from observations about children in early childhood education’s daily in which were realized poor activities experiences and a biological view from educators about the child development. This study has a theoretical basic from the cultural historical theory and the presupposed the social conditions of child development are conditioned by his life situations and education. However, when they are purposely organized, they can promote experiences that conduce to the psychological development. The general aim of this research is identifying and analyzing the children between two and three years old’s social situation of development from experiences in the childhood education. The specific aims are analyzing the objective and subjective conditions that the children between two and three years old experience; reflecting about how these conditions promote the psychological development objectively as well as understanding how the purposely intervention of teachers happens. The first hypothesis is that children development can be enhanced when the social condition of development is identified by recognizing the objective and subjective conditions the activities happens and how these impact the psychological functions in formation. The methods consist in watching and recording the daily of a children group between two and three years old in an early childhood education. While the children related each other, to teacher and to objects available in the room. The results show the children were active when in contact with the objects available in the room, although there was not wide variety of them. In many situations, the not intentional intervention of the teacher hindered the development of the children. The research shows the educators can identify the children’s social situation of development by watching carefully them in order to plan and organize the favorable conditions to the full development. The objective conditions of children’s activity, as well as the teacher’s interventions do not always benefit the expansion of the children potential development. In many cases it was possible to recognize evidences of psychic processes in formation.
This study was motivated from observations about children in early childhood education’s daily in which were realized poor activities experiences and a biological view from educators about the child development. This study has a theoretical basic from the cultural historical theory and the presupposed the social conditions of child development are conditioned by his life situations and education. However, when they are purposely organized, they can promote experiences that conduce to the psychological development. The general aim of this research is identifying and analyzing the children between two and three years old’s social situation of development from experiences in the childhood education. The specific aims are analyzing the objective and subjective conditions that the children between two and three years old experience; reflecting about how these conditions promote the psychological development objectively as well as understanding how the purposely intervention of teachers happens. The first hypothesis is that children development can be enhanced when the social condition of development is identified by recognizing the objective and subjective conditions the activities happens and how these impact the psychological functions in formation. The methods consist in watching and recording the daily of a children group between two and three years old in an early childhood education. While the children related each other, to teacher and to objects available in the room. The results show the children were active when in contact with the objects available in the room, although there was not wide variety of them. In many situations, the not intentional intervention of the teacher hindered the development of the children. The research shows the educators can identify the children’s social situation of development by watching carefully them in order to plan and organize the favorable conditions to the full development. The objective conditions of children’s activity, as well as the teacher’s interventions do not always benefit the expansion of the children potential development. In many cases it was possible to recognize evidences of psychic processes in formation.
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Palavras-chave
Educação Infantil, Situação social de desenvolvimento, Desenvolvimento infantil, Early Childhood, Cultural-Historical Theory, Child development, Teoria histórico-cultural, Social situation of development, Pedagogical intervention, Intervenção pedagógica