Clonagem do pessegueiro 'Aurora-1' e de portaenxertos de umezeiro
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2016-02-26
Autores
Sabião, Rafael Roveri [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O pessegueiro vem ganhando espaço em regiões produtoras de frutas do estado de São Paulo, principalmente as cultivares de baixo requerimento de frio, como o ‘Aurora-1’. O umezeiro é um portaenxerto que condiciona menores volumes de copa em plantas de pessegueiro, além de possuir resistência a patógenos de solo, sendo objeto de estudo neste trabalho, avaliando-se sua clonagem por estaquia, além de sua combinação com o ‘Aurora-1’, por enxertia de mesa, e enraizamento simultâneo. Em ambos os trabalhos foram utilizadas as concentrações 0; 1.000; 3.000 e 5.000 mg/L de AIB para tratamento das estacas, que foram coletadas em duas situações de vegetação da planta de umezeiro: estacas herbáceas retiradas da planta adulta e estacas herbáceas retiradas da planta após 60 dias da poda de rejuvenescimento. Foram avaliados: porcentagem de sobrevivência, com folhas, calos e enraizamento das estacas, número e comprimento médio de raízes e porcentagem de enxertos vivos e com estacas enraizadas. Também foi realizado um estudo histológico, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, das regiões de rizogênese e de contato e união da enxertia. Os materiais vegetativos propagados apresentaram melhores resultados depois de uma poda rejuvenescimento. A estaquia teve superioridade em todas as variáveis avaliadas em comparação à enxertia de mesa. O ‘Rigitano’ apresentou melhores resultados, sendo superado pelo Clone 15 apenas na sobrevivência dos enxertos. O uso de AIB influenciou na sobrevivência e no enraizamento das estacas e incrementou o número médio de raízes por estaca.
The peach tree is becoming more popular in fruit producing regions of São Paulo, mainly cultivars with low chill requirement, such as 'Aurora-1'. The japanese apricot, as being a rootstock that conditions smallest canopy in peach plants, besides having resistance to soil pathogens, being object of this work, evaluating their cloning by cuttings and their combination in grafting with simultaneous rooting, with the 'Aurora-1'. In both studies was used the concentrations 0; 1,000; 3,000 and 5000 mg/L of IBA in two vegetation situations of mume plant: softwood cuttings taken from adult plants and softwood cuttings taken from the plant after 60 days of rejuvenation pruning. It was evaluated the rooting percentage parameters of cuttings, number and average length of roots and percentage of survival of grafts with rooting cuttings. It was also conducted a histological study, by scanning electron microscopy, of the root formation zone and contact grafting. The vegetative material propagated showed better results after a rejuvenation pruning. The cuttings had superiority in all variables evaluated, in comparison to the cuttings grafted. The 'Rigitano' had the best results, being overcome by Clone 15 only in the survival of grafts. The IBA concentrations influenced the survival and rooting of cuttings and the use of IBA increased the average number of roots of cutting.
The peach tree is becoming more popular in fruit producing regions of São Paulo, mainly cultivars with low chill requirement, such as 'Aurora-1'. The japanese apricot, as being a rootstock that conditions smallest canopy in peach plants, besides having resistance to soil pathogens, being object of this work, evaluating their cloning by cuttings and their combination in grafting with simultaneous rooting, with the 'Aurora-1'. In both studies was used the concentrations 0; 1,000; 3,000 and 5000 mg/L of IBA in two vegetation situations of mume plant: softwood cuttings taken from adult plants and softwood cuttings taken from the plant after 60 days of rejuvenation pruning. It was evaluated the rooting percentage parameters of cuttings, number and average length of roots and percentage of survival of grafts with rooting cuttings. It was also conducted a histological study, by scanning electron microscopy, of the root formation zone and contact grafting. The vegetative material propagated showed better results after a rejuvenation pruning. The cuttings had superiority in all variables evaluated, in comparison to the cuttings grafted. The 'Rigitano' had the best results, being overcome by Clone 15 only in the survival of grafts. The IBA concentrations influenced the survival and rooting of cuttings and the use of IBA increased the average number of roots of cutting.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Prunus, ‘Rigitano’, Umê, Estaquia, Enxertia de mesa, Mei, Cutting-grafts, Prunus, Mei, ‘Rigitano’, Cutting, Cutting-grafts