Composição florística e estrutura vegetacional da mata ciliar de um remanescente florestal em Paraguaçu Paulista, SP
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Data
2016-03-14
Autores
Souza, Caio Eduardo Melo de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Matas ciliares são formações florestais encontradas às margens dos corpos d’água. São caracterizadas pela irregularidade de seus limites e pela sua heterogeneidade florística, uma vez que o leito desses corpos d’água encontra-se em constante transformação. Por apresentarem diferenças florísticas e estruturais mesmo entre fragmentos não tão distantes, somadas à escassez de estudos sobre as matas ciliares da região centro-oeste paulista, foi então elaborado o presente trabalho. Um inventário florestal foi criado, então, a fim de conhecer a composição florística, estrutura vegetacional e ainda atestar o atual estado de conservação da mata ciliar de um remanescente florestal na microbacia Água da Cachoeira, em Paraguaçu Paulista, SP. Através do método de parcelas, foram coletados 518 indivíduos, pertencentes a 29 famílias e 70 espécies diferentes. A partir dos dados observados sobre cada indivíduo foram elaboradas, num primeiro momento, a lista de espécies e a chave de identificação baseada em caracteres vegetativos. Depois, foram ainda elaboradas tabelas sobre a estrutura vegetacional e gráficos de distribuição dos indivíduos em classes de tamanhos. Em relação à florística, observou-se alta riqueza de espécies, sendo que as mais abundantes já tiveram ocorrência documentada para esse tipo de formação florestal. Também foi observada grande quantidade de indivíduos de porte arbóreo e grande quantidade de espécies pioneiras. Quanto à parte estrutural, observou-e que os táxons mais frequentes e abundantes são semelhantes aos observados em outros trabalhos realizados na região, porém, espécies comuns em outros trabalhos foram pouco abundantes e frequentes na mata ciliar do remanescente. Por fim, através dos resultados obtidos, constatou-se que a mata ciliar analisada sofreu perturbações no passado, mas que atualmente encontra-se em estágio de recuperação. Boa parte das características naturais esperadas foram preservadas, indicando que é possível sua autorregeneração.
Riparian forests are vegetational formations found on the margins of water bodies. They are characterized by the irregularity of their limits and by their floristic diversity, since the margins of water bodies are constantly changing. By presenting floristic and structural differences even among close forestal fragments, together with the lack of studies on the riparian forests of the São Paulo's midwest region, this study was then conducted. A forest inventory was made in order to know the floristic composition, vegetation structure, and to testify the current conservation state of a riparian forest on a forest remnant at the “Água da Cachoeira” watershed in Paraguaçu Paulista, SP. Through the plots method, we collected 518 individuals belonging to 29 families and 70 different species. From the observed data on each individual we prepared, at first, the list of species and the identification keys based on vegetative characters. Then, tables about the vegetation structure and distribution charts of the individuals’ size classes were also prepared. Regarding the flora, there was a high species richness, being that the most abundant species already had their presence documented for this kind of vegetational formation. We also observed a large amount of tree-sized individuals and a lot of pioneer species. As for the structural part, we have noticed that the most frequent and abundant taxa are similar to those verified in other studies conducted in the region, however, common species in other studies were less abundant and frequent at the riparian forest of the forest remnant. Finally, through the results obtained, we found that the analyzed riparian forest suffered disturbances in the past, but currently is in recovery stage. Most of the expected natural characteristics were preserved, indicating that its self-regeneration is possible.
Riparian forests are vegetational formations found on the margins of water bodies. They are characterized by the irregularity of their limits and by their floristic diversity, since the margins of water bodies are constantly changing. By presenting floristic and structural differences even among close forestal fragments, together with the lack of studies on the riparian forests of the São Paulo's midwest region, this study was then conducted. A forest inventory was made in order to know the floristic composition, vegetation structure, and to testify the current conservation state of a riparian forest on a forest remnant at the “Água da Cachoeira” watershed in Paraguaçu Paulista, SP. Through the plots method, we collected 518 individuals belonging to 29 families and 70 different species. From the observed data on each individual we prepared, at first, the list of species and the identification keys based on vegetative characters. Then, tables about the vegetation structure and distribution charts of the individuals’ size classes were also prepared. Regarding the flora, there was a high species richness, being that the most abundant species already had their presence documented for this kind of vegetational formation. We also observed a large amount of tree-sized individuals and a lot of pioneer species. As for the structural part, we have noticed that the most frequent and abundant taxa are similar to those verified in other studies conducted in the region, however, common species in other studies were less abundant and frequent at the riparian forest of the forest remnant. Finally, through the results obtained, we found that the analyzed riparian forest suffered disturbances in the past, but currently is in recovery stage. Most of the expected natural characteristics were preserved, indicating that its self-regeneration is possible.
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Palavras-chave
Vegetação ripária, Fragmento florestal, Diversidade, Heterogeneidade, Flora, Fitossociologia, Centro-oeste paulista, Riparian vegetation, Forest fragment, Diversity, Heterogeneity, Phytosociology, Sao Paulo’s midwest region