Grupo de apoiadores e cooperlix em Presidente Prudente-SP, Brasil: modelo e evolução de suas relações durante quinze anos
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Data
2016-02-23
Autores
Lussari, Wilson Roberto [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O desafio em dar-se um adequado destino aos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) impõe a mobilização de toda a sociedade, visto o ser humano gerar um crescente volume de resíduos. Com o aumento do consumo e a limitação de recursos da Natureza, a reciclagem tem-se tornado uma necessidade, que é melhor viabilizada pela implantação da coleta seletiva. Para implantar a coleta seletiva é preciso que se desenvolva na sociedade uma cultura de reciclagem, para gerar resíduos sólidos recicláveis que permitam sua reinserção no ciclo produtivo, como matéria-prima. Na cidade de Presidente Prudente, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foi adotada uma estratégia de articulação social, que mobilizou diferentes instituições, a fim de construir a sustentabilidade ambiental no município, por meio da educação ambiental, junto à população, e implantação da coleta seletiva, a partir da inserção de catadores de resíduos do lixão em uma cooperativa de trabalhadores de produtos recicláveis. A pesquisa teve como objetivos: identificar o modelo de relação que foi estabelecido entre o grupo surgido da sociedade e a cooperativa, de forma a contemplar as diferentes necessidades sociais e que, ao mesmo tempo, legitimasse a implantação da coleta seletiva e da educação ambiental da população; discussão das dimensões sociais do trabalho nas cidades e dos desafios da sua precarização; discussão da dimensão entre trabalho e meio ambiente e da evolução social dos resíduos na demanda para a construção da sustentabilidade ambiental em Presidente Prudente; apresentação da institucionalização do Grupo de Apoiadores e dos desafios para a autogestão na Cooperlix; o processo de formação e a consolidação do Grupo de Apoiadores; e registro das trajetórias do Grupo de Apoiadores e da Cooperlix, ao longo de 15 anos, da criação de ambos, até a celebração do contrato entre a cooperativa e o poder público municipal. A hipótese adotada é que foi preciso engendrar-se um modelo de relacionamento que possibilitasse ao Grupo de Apoiadores dar suporte ao dia a dia da Cooperlix, a fim de evitar a sua paralisia ou o seu colapso, enquanto ela não conseguisse sustentar-se. Quanto aos resultados, foi identificado que o modelo de relação desenvolvido, a partir do modelo de gestão do Grupo de Apoiadores e da cooperativa, foi inclusivo e democrático junto às diferentes instituições existentes na sociedade, fundamentado no Cooperativismo, na Autogestão e na Economia Solidária, além de engendrar uma organização do trabalho que acolhia toda e qualquer instituição pública ou privada que desejasse participar, bem como contribuir para que a cooperativa oferecesse um território que abrigasse os catadores do lixão, o descarte seletivo de resíduos sólidos e a prática de educação ambiental pela reciclagem. O modelo identificado deriva da relação recíproca de interdependência entre Grupo de Apoiadores e Cooperlix. A representação é inovadora, porque mostra como pessoas comuns podem, coletivamente, tornar-se protagonistas de transformações sociais em larga escala.
The challenge to give a suitable destination to municipal solid waste (MSW) requires the mobilization of the whole society, as humans generate an increasing amount of waste. With the increase in consumption and the limited nature of resources, recycling has become a necessity, which is possible making the implementation of selective collection. To deploy the selective collection it is necessary to develop in society a culture of recycling to generate recyclable solid waste to enable their reintegration into the production cycle as raw material. In the city of Presidente Prudente, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, a social joint strategy was adopted, which mobilized different institutions in order to build environmental sustainability in the city, through environmental education among the population, and implementation of selective collection, from entering landfill waste pickers in a recyclables workers cooperative. The research aimed to: identify the relationship model that has been established between the emerged group of society and the cooperative in order to contemplate the different social needs and at the same time, legitimated the implementation of selective collection and population environmental education; discussion of the social dimensions of work in the cities and the challenges of its precariousness; discussion of the dimension between labor and the environment and social development of waste in demand for the construction of environmental sustainability in Presidente Prudente; presentation of the institutionalization of the supporters group and the challenges to ownership in Cooperlix; the process of formation and consolidation of the supporters group; and record of the supporters group and Cooperlix trajectories over 15 years of the both creation, until of the contract conclusion between the cooperative and the municipal government. The adopted hypothesis is that was necessary to engender a relationship model that would allow the supporters group to support the Cooperlix day-to-day in order to avoid its paralysis or collapse, as it could not sustain itself. For the results, it was identified that the developed relationship model, of the supporters group and the cooperative management model, was inclusive and democratic along the different society institutions, based on Cooperative Model, Self-Management, and Solidarity Economy, besides engendering an organization of work that welcomed any public or private institution who wished to participate and contribute to the cooperative should offer a territory that housed the landfill scavengers, solid waste selective disposal, and the environmental education by recycling practice. The model identified derives from the mutual interdependence between group of supporters and Cooperlix. Representation is innovative because it shows how ordinary people can collectively become protagonists of social change on a large scale.
The challenge to give a suitable destination to municipal solid waste (MSW) requires the mobilization of the whole society, as humans generate an increasing amount of waste. With the increase in consumption and the limited nature of resources, recycling has become a necessity, which is possible making the implementation of selective collection. To deploy the selective collection it is necessary to develop in society a culture of recycling to generate recyclable solid waste to enable their reintegration into the production cycle as raw material. In the city of Presidente Prudente, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, a social joint strategy was adopted, which mobilized different institutions in order to build environmental sustainability in the city, through environmental education among the population, and implementation of selective collection, from entering landfill waste pickers in a recyclables workers cooperative. The research aimed to: identify the relationship model that has been established between the emerged group of society and the cooperative in order to contemplate the different social needs and at the same time, legitimated the implementation of selective collection and population environmental education; discussion of the social dimensions of work in the cities and the challenges of its precariousness; discussion of the dimension between labor and the environment and social development of waste in demand for the construction of environmental sustainability in Presidente Prudente; presentation of the institutionalization of the supporters group and the challenges to ownership in Cooperlix; the process of formation and consolidation of the supporters group; and record of the supporters group and Cooperlix trajectories over 15 years of the both creation, until of the contract conclusion between the cooperative and the municipal government. The adopted hypothesis is that was necessary to engender a relationship model that would allow the supporters group to support the Cooperlix day-to-day in order to avoid its paralysis or collapse, as it could not sustain itself. For the results, it was identified that the developed relationship model, of the supporters group and the cooperative management model, was inclusive and democratic along the different society institutions, based on Cooperative Model, Self-Management, and Solidarity Economy, besides engendering an organization of work that welcomed any public or private institution who wished to participate and contribute to the cooperative should offer a territory that housed the landfill scavengers, solid waste selective disposal, and the environmental education by recycling practice. The model identified derives from the mutual interdependence between group of supporters and Cooperlix. Representation is innovative because it shows how ordinary people can collectively become protagonists of social change on a large scale.
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Palavras-chave
Grupo de Apoiadores, Educação Ambiental, Cooperativismo, Autogestão, Trabalho, Supporters Group, Environmental education, Cooperative movement, Self-management, Work