Avaliação de hábitos de vida e proposta de fluxograma de encaminhamento de escolares com necessidades de cuidado nutricional
Data
2016-02-19
Autores
Lopes, Ana Carolina Viranda Pereira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A obesidade é definida como patologia crônica que se caracteriza pelo excesso de gordura corporal em relação à massa magra, sendo o sobrepeso definido como proporção relativa de peso maior que a desejável para a altura. A perspectiva brasileira é de que haja cerca de três milhões de crianças menores de 10 anos com excesso de peso, com 95% dos casos relacionados à má ingestão alimentar e 5% relacionados a fatores endógenos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a atenção à saúde nutricional de crianças de escolas públicas, em relação à alimentação, atividade física e estado de saúde, com vistas à proposição de aprimoramento de ações intersetoriais. O estudo foi do tipo epidemiológico, descritivo, transversal sobre hábitos de vida de crianças em idade escolar, no município de Bauru, situado na região centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo. Na caracterização do cenário escolar, o universo foi composto de 46 escolas de ensino fundamental, sendo 16 municipais e 30 estaduais, sendo que destas, participaram efetivamente do estudo 6 escolas municipais e 11 escolas estaduais. Os dados foram colhidos nas escolas por meio do envio de questionários aos responsáveis das crianças sorteadas para o estudo. Os professores representantes forneceram os dados referentes à conduta das escolas, por meio de questionário. Para caracterização da Alimentação Escolar, foi realizada uma visita ao setor responsável, e aplicação de um questionário à chefia da Seção de Alimentação de Unidades Escolares. Por fim, foi construído check-list para analisar o fornecimento de alimentos das cantinas particulares, existentes no interior das escolas públicas estaduais. Diante do observado pela presente pesquisa, verificou-se que não existe rotina de acompanhamento da saúde dos escolares na faixa etária estudada. O que se observa é a procura por atendimento em situações emergenciais. Considerando que o problema nutricional existe e passa despercebido, podendo se agravar com o passar da idade, existe a necessidade de estabelecer um fluxo de encaminhamento da criança com excesso de peso para atendimento e acompanhamento de saúde visando minimizar ou recuperar os riscos decorrentes desta condição nutricional. Produto: É sabido que o processo de mudança de hábito é extremamente complexo, e deve envolver toda a família da criança. Diante desta situação, dá-se a necessidade de ações intersetoriais, no intuito de atuar sobre os determinantes nutricionais e de saúde desta população. Apresenta-se assim, proposta de organização (na forma de um fluxograma) do cuidado nutricional dirigido a escolares, tendo como campo centralizador das ações as Unidades Básicas de Saúde e de Saúde da Família do município de Bauru.
Obesity is defined as a chronic disease that is characterized by an excess of body fat relative to lean body mass and overweight defined as the relative proportion of higher weight than desirable for the height. The Brazilian perspective is that there are about three million children under 10 years old are overweight, with 95% of cases related to poor food intake and 5% related to endogenous factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the attention to nutritional health of public school children in relation to diet, physical activity and health, with a view to enhancing proposition intersectoral action. The study was an epidemiological, descriptive, cross-over lifestyle habits of school children in the city of Bauru, located in the midwestern region of the state of São Paulo. In characterizing the school environment, the universe was composed of 46 elementary schools, 16 from the city and 30 state, and of these, actually participated in the study 6 from the city public schools and 11 state schools. Data were collected in schools by sending questionnaires to the heads of children randomly selected for the study. Representatives teachers provided data relating to the conduct of schools, through a questionnaire. To characterize the School Feeding, a visit to the responsible sector and application of a questionnaire to the head of the School Units Food section was performed. Finally, it was built checklist to analyze the supply of food from private canteens, existing within the public state schools. Before observed by this research, it was found that there is no health monitoring routine of school in the age group studied. What is observed is the demand for care in emergency situations. Whereas the nutritional problem and goes unnoticed and can worsen with increasing age, there is a need to establish a child forwarding flow overweight to care and health monitoring to minimize or recover the risks of this nutritional status. Product: It is known that the habit of switching process is extremely complex, and should involve all the child's family. In this situation gives the need for intersectoral action in order to act on the nutritional determinants and health of this population. It presents well, organization proposal (in the form of a flowchart) of nutritional care directed at school, with the centralizer field of action Basic Health Units and Family Health Units.
Obesity is defined as a chronic disease that is characterized by an excess of body fat relative to lean body mass and overweight defined as the relative proportion of higher weight than desirable for the height. The Brazilian perspective is that there are about three million children under 10 years old are overweight, with 95% of cases related to poor food intake and 5% related to endogenous factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the attention to nutritional health of public school children in relation to diet, physical activity and health, with a view to enhancing proposition intersectoral action. The study was an epidemiological, descriptive, cross-over lifestyle habits of school children in the city of Bauru, located in the midwestern region of the state of São Paulo. In characterizing the school environment, the universe was composed of 46 elementary schools, 16 from the city and 30 state, and of these, actually participated in the study 6 from the city public schools and 11 state schools. Data were collected in schools by sending questionnaires to the heads of children randomly selected for the study. Representatives teachers provided data relating to the conduct of schools, through a questionnaire. To characterize the School Feeding, a visit to the responsible sector and application of a questionnaire to the head of the School Units Food section was performed. Finally, it was built checklist to analyze the supply of food from private canteens, existing within the public state schools. Before observed by this research, it was found that there is no health monitoring routine of school in the age group studied. What is observed is the demand for care in emergency situations. Whereas the nutritional problem and goes unnoticed and can worsen with increasing age, there is a need to establish a child forwarding flow overweight to care and health monitoring to minimize or recover the risks of this nutritional status. Product: It is known that the habit of switching process is extremely complex, and should involve all the child's family. In this situation gives the need for intersectoral action in order to act on the nutritional determinants and health of this population. It presents well, organization proposal (in the form of a flowchart) of nutritional care directed at school, with the centralizer field of action Basic Health Units and Family Health Units.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde pública, Saúde escolar, Obesidade infantil, Public health, School health, Pediatric obesity