Banho no leito convencional e descartável: estudo microbiológico e de custo
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Data
2016-02-26
Autores
Paulela, Débora Cristina [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução. Banho no leito é um procedimento executado rotineiramente pela equipe de enfermagem, para atender às necessidades de higiene e conforto. Infere-se a técnica convencional, com uso de baldes, bacias, água, sabonete, luvas e compressas, contribuir para aumento das taxas de infecção hospitalar. A tecnologia descartável para banho no leito propõe prevenir contaminação de uma área corporal com microrganismos provenientes de outra, assim como infecções cruzadas. Objetivo. Avaliar a efetividade dos banhos no leito convencional e descartável sobre a microbiota do paciente hospitalizado, assim como a estimativa de tempo de execução e custo dos mesmos. Métodos. Pesquisa clínica, prospectiva, caso-controle, randomizada, aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e Registro Brasileiro de Ensaio Clínico (ReBEC). Realizou-se este estudo na Unidade de Acidente Vascular Cerebral do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, com amostra de 40 pacientes acamados e randomizados em dois grupos com 20 participantes: grupo A (controle - banho no leito convencional) e grupo B (intervenção - banho no leito descartável). A tecnologia avaliada foi da marca Bag Bath®. Invólucro contendo oito compressas pré-umidificadas com água, surfactantes não iônicos, vitamina E, dexpanthenol, conservantes e fragrâncias, destinadas uma para cada área do corpo. Resultados. Pode-se comprovar a efetividade da tecnologia descartável para banho no leito, sobre a evolução da microbiota da pele de pacientes hospitalizados. Uma vez que, 90% dos participantes que receberam exclusivamente a intervenção, tiveram a pele protegida de bactérias colonizadoras, ao contrário dos submetidos ao banho no leito convencional, que apresentaram 80% das culturas positivadas. Análise estatística demonstrou que, enquanto a carga microbiana dos participantes do Grupo B reduziu com a intervenção descartável, aumentou significantemente nos do Grupo A, que haviam recebido banhos no leito convencional (p<0,001). Conclusões. O banho no leito com uso de tecnologia descartável, da marca testada, mostrou-se significantemente efetivo sobre a carga microbiana da pele de pacientes hospitalizados, quando comparado ao banho convencional. Refutou-se as hipóteses do banho no leito descartável apresentar tempo de execução e custo menores, quando comparado com o convencional. Recomenda-se a realização de novos estudos sobre essas variáveis, por entende-las importantes no dimensionamento de recursos humanos em enfermagem, assim como na decisão por escolhas de insumos hospitalares.
Introduction. Bed bath is a procedure performed routinely by nursing staff to meet the needs of hygiene and comfort. A conventional technique is inferred, using buckets, basins, water, soap, gloves and pads, contributing to increased hospital infection rates. The disposable bed bath technology proposes to prevent contamination of a body area with microorganisms from another, and cross-infection. Goal. Evaluate the effectiveness of the baths in conventional and disposable bed on the microbiota of hospitalized patients, as well as the estimated run time and cost thereof. Methods. Clinical, prospective, case-control, randomized research, approved by the Research Ethics Committee and Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trial (Rebec). We conducted this study in Stroke Unit of the Hospital of the Botucatu School of Medicine, with sample of 40 bedridden patients randomized into two groups with 20 participants: group A (control - bath in the conventional bed) and group B (intervention - bath in disposable bed). The technology of the brand Bag Bath was evaluated®. Containing eight pads pre-moistened with water, nonionic surfactants, Vitamin E, Dexpanthenol, preservatives and fragrances, one for each intended area of the body. Results. One can prove the effectiveness of disposable technology for bed bath on the evolution of microflora of the skin of hospitalized patients. Since 90% of participants who received only the intervention had skin protected from colonizing bacteria, unlike subjected to the bath in the conventional bed, which showed 80% of positive cultures. Statistical analysis showed that, whereas the microbial load of the participants in Group B decreased with disposable intervention, increased significantly in Group A, who had received baths in conventional bed (p <0.001). Conclusions. Bed bath with the use of disposable technology, tested brand, proved to be significantly effective on the microbial load of the skin of hospitalized patients, when compared to conventional bath. The hypothesis of disposable bed bath present shorter run time and lower costs when compared with the conventional has been refuted. It is recommended to carry out further studies on these variables, to understand their importance on the design of human resources in nursing, as well as the decision by hospital supplies choices.
Introduction. Bed bath is a procedure performed routinely by nursing staff to meet the needs of hygiene and comfort. A conventional technique is inferred, using buckets, basins, water, soap, gloves and pads, contributing to increased hospital infection rates. The disposable bed bath technology proposes to prevent contamination of a body area with microorganisms from another, and cross-infection. Goal. Evaluate the effectiveness of the baths in conventional and disposable bed on the microbiota of hospitalized patients, as well as the estimated run time and cost thereof. Methods. Clinical, prospective, case-control, randomized research, approved by the Research Ethics Committee and Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trial (Rebec). We conducted this study in Stroke Unit of the Hospital of the Botucatu School of Medicine, with sample of 40 bedridden patients randomized into two groups with 20 participants: group A (control - bath in the conventional bed) and group B (intervention - bath in disposable bed). The technology of the brand Bag Bath was evaluated®. Containing eight pads pre-moistened with water, nonionic surfactants, Vitamin E, Dexpanthenol, preservatives and fragrances, one for each intended area of the body. Results. One can prove the effectiveness of disposable technology for bed bath on the evolution of microflora of the skin of hospitalized patients. Since 90% of participants who received only the intervention had skin protected from colonizing bacteria, unlike subjected to the bath in the conventional bed, which showed 80% of positive cultures. Statistical analysis showed that, whereas the microbial load of the participants in Group B decreased with disposable intervention, increased significantly in Group A, who had received baths in conventional bed (p <0.001). Conclusions. Bed bath with the use of disposable technology, tested brand, proved to be significantly effective on the microbial load of the skin of hospitalized patients, when compared to conventional bath. The hypothesis of disposable bed bath present shorter run time and lower costs when compared with the conventional has been refuted. It is recommended to carry out further studies on these variables, to understand their importance on the design of human resources in nursing, as well as the decision by hospital supplies choices.
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Palavras-chave
Banhos, Infecção hospitalar, Cuidados de enfermagem, Microrganismos, Produtos para banho e imersão, Microbiologia, Baths, Nosocomial infection, Nursing care, Microorganisms, Products for bath and immersion, Microbiology