Efeito do treinamento físico aeróbio na reatividade vascular da artéria ilíaca em camundongos LDL-/-
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Data
2016-03-29
Autores
Garcia, Nádia Fagundes Nádia [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A inatividade física e as dislipidemias são considerados fatores de risco para a gênese das doenças cardiovasculares. Estudos em animais mostram que o consumo de dieta contendo alto teor de lipídios leva à diminuição da resposta relaxante dependente do endotélio, o que pode ser prevenido pela realização de exercício físico. Entretanto, a maioria dos estudos investigou os efeitos do exercício físico em artérias de maior calibre e em modelos de dislipidemia induzida por dieta. Há escassez de estudos que avaliam os efeitos do exercício físico em artéria de menor calibre e, principalmente, em modelo que mimetiza a hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF). Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do treinamento físico aeróbio de moderada intensidade na reatividade vascular da artéria ilíaca em camundongos knockout para o receptor de LDL alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica. Foram utilizados camundongos wild type e knockout para o receptor de LDL (LDLR-/-) divididos em quatro grupos experimentais: wild type sedentário (WT), wild type treinado (WT/Ex), knockout sedentário (KO) e knockout treinado (KO/Ex). Os grupos WT foram alimentados com ração balanceada e os grupos KO com dieta hiperlipídica (38% lipídios). Os grupos WT/Ex e KO/Ex realizaram corrida em esteira (60-70%Vmax, 5 dias/semana, 60 min) durante oito semanas. A reatividade vascular em artéria ilíaca foi verificada através de curvas concentração-resposta a acetilcolina (ACh), nitroprussiato de sódio (SNP), fenilefrina (PHE) e ao análogo do tromboxano A2 (U46619). A determinação da produção de óxido nítrico (NO) foi realizada pela análise de fluorescência ao 4,5-diaminofluoresceína (DAF-2) e a produção de ânion superóxido pela análise da fluorescência derivada da oxidação da dihidroetidina (DHE). Foi quantificada a glicose, o colesterol total e os triglicerídeos sanguíneos. O grupo KO aumentou em 640% o ganho de peso corporal, 510% a gordura epididimal, 35% a glicose, 180% o colesterol total e 99% os triglicerídeos comparado ao grupo WT e o treinamento físico aeróbio foi eficaz em prevenir o ganho de peso e a gordura epididimal no grupo KO/Ex (167% e 121%, respectivamente). Nenhuma alteração foi verificada na glicose, colesterol total e triglicerídeos no soro. O relaxamento máximo induzido por ACh foi reduzido em 24% no grupo KO comparado ao grupo WT, sendo esta resposta normalizada no grupo KO/Ex, sem alteração na potência. A resposta máxima a PHE foi 65% maior, e resposta da potência foi 3 vezes maior na artéria ilíaca de animais do grupo KO comparado ao grupo WT. Nenhuma alteração na resposta foi encontrada aos agentes SNP e U46619. A produção de NO foi 47% menor no grupo KO comparado ao WT e a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) foi 48% maior no grupo KO comparado ao grupo WT. O treinamento físico preveniu o aumento na produção de ERO no grupo KO/Ex. Em conclusão, o exercício físico aeróbio, realizado por oito semanas, preveniu a disfunção endotelial na artéria ilíaca de camundongos LDLR-/- alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica. Este achado pode estar relacionado à menor produção de ERO, o que aumentaria a biodisponibilidade do NO.
Physical inactivity and dyslipidemia are considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A decrease in endothelium-dependent relaxation response, which can be prevented by physical exercise, had been showing in animals fed with high fat diet. However, most studies investigated the effects of physical exercise on large-caliber arteries using models of diet induced dyslipidemia. There are few studies that evaluate the effects of physical exercise in small-caliber artery and, mainly, in a model that mimics familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of moderate intensity exercise training on vascular reactivity of iliac artery in FH model using mice lacking LDL receptor. Wild type and knockout mice (LDLR-/-) were divided into four groups: sedentary control (WT), trained control (WT/Ex), sedentary knockout (KO) and trained knockout (KO/Ex). Control groups were fed with standard chow and knockout groups with high fat diet. Trained groups ran on a treadmill (60-70% Vmax, 60 min, 5 days/week for 8 weeks). Concentration-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), phenylephrine (PHE) and thromboxane A2 analogue (U46619) were done in iliac artery rings. Arterial production of nitric oxide and oxygen reactive species formation were assessed using fluorescence analysis (DAF-2 and DHE). Serum concentration of glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride were determined using commercial kits. After eight weeks, the KO group had higher body weight gain (around 640%), epididymal fat (510%), glucose (35%), total cholesterol (180%) and triglycerides (99%) compared with WT group. Exercise training was effective to prevent body weight and epididymal fat gain in KO/Ex group (less 167% and 121%, respectively). No changes were observed in glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides concentration. KO animals had lower maximal response evoked by ACh (about 24%) and higher maximal response to PHE (about 65%) compared with WT group. Exercise training prevented these alterations since KO/Ex group had vascular response similar to WT and WT/Ex groups. Endothelial dysfunction observed in KO group could be related to the reduced production of NO (about 47%) and the increased formation of oxygen reactive species (about 48%). These features were partially prevented by exercise training, KO/Ex group had lower formation of oxygen species and a slight higher NO prodution compared with KO group. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training carried out for eight weeks, prevented endothelial dysfunction in iliac artery from LDLR-/- mice fed with high fat diet. This finding could be related to the lower formation of reactive oxygen species in situ that increases the NO bioavailability.
Physical inactivity and dyslipidemia are considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A decrease in endothelium-dependent relaxation response, which can be prevented by physical exercise, had been showing in animals fed with high fat diet. However, most studies investigated the effects of physical exercise on large-caliber arteries using models of diet induced dyslipidemia. There are few studies that evaluate the effects of physical exercise in small-caliber artery and, mainly, in a model that mimics familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of moderate intensity exercise training on vascular reactivity of iliac artery in FH model using mice lacking LDL receptor. Wild type and knockout mice (LDLR-/-) were divided into four groups: sedentary control (WT), trained control (WT/Ex), sedentary knockout (KO) and trained knockout (KO/Ex). Control groups were fed with standard chow and knockout groups with high fat diet. Trained groups ran on a treadmill (60-70% Vmax, 60 min, 5 days/week for 8 weeks). Concentration-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), phenylephrine (PHE) and thromboxane A2 analogue (U46619) were done in iliac artery rings. Arterial production of nitric oxide and oxygen reactive species formation were assessed using fluorescence analysis (DAF-2 and DHE). Serum concentration of glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride were determined using commercial kits. After eight weeks, the KO group had higher body weight gain (around 640%), epididymal fat (510%), glucose (35%), total cholesterol (180%) and triglycerides (99%) compared with WT group. Exercise training was effective to prevent body weight and epididymal fat gain in KO/Ex group (less 167% and 121%, respectively). No changes were observed in glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides concentration. KO animals had lower maximal response evoked by ACh (about 24%) and higher maximal response to PHE (about 65%) compared with WT group. Exercise training prevented these alterations since KO/Ex group had vascular response similar to WT and WT/Ex groups. Endothelial dysfunction observed in KO group could be related to the reduced production of NO (about 47%) and the increased formation of oxygen reactive species (about 48%). These features were partially prevented by exercise training, KO/Ex group had lower formation of oxygen species and a slight higher NO prodution compared with KO group. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training carried out for eight weeks, prevented endothelial dysfunction in iliac artery from LDLR-/- mice fed with high fat diet. This finding could be related to the lower formation of reactive oxygen species in situ that increases the NO bioavailability.
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Palavras-chave
Exercício físico, Reatividade vascular, Artéria ilíaca, Hipercolesterolemia familiar, Physical exercise, Vascular reactivity, Iliac artery, Familial hypercholesterolemia